Nursing Care

Promethazine can it help with anxiety?

2010-05-25T19:27:00.002-07:00

Does the drug help you sleep and relax? Any personal experience?
Answer:
The primary use for promethazine is to reduce or eliminate nausea. It is used in injectible form after surgery for people who have had nausea reactions to anesthesia. Pill form is usually prescribed for people taking another medication that causes upset stomachs. The 'street' use for the drug is for suicidal people - most of the time when people try to kill themselves using pills, their body rejects the huge dose by causing vomiting . . . suicidal people will often take promethazine (pill or suppository) prior to taking the fatal dose of pills to keep from throwing them up.

I have taken promethazine for both post-surgery and to help with another prescribed medication.

If you have a problem with sleep, you need to figure out what the problem is first. Personally, I am a total insomniac. If I don't take my meds, I can stay up for days. If you have insomnia, you might want to consider medications specifically for that. If it is anxiety or stress, you need to address that first before you pop a pill. Only if it has thrown you off schedule that is impairing your daily routines, pills can help. If it is true anxiety, Xanex is great.

Promethazine has limited if any sedative effect.

Good Luck!

When I got in wreck I was taking percoset and getting shots of morphine the Dr. gave it to me to stop nausea.Taking only promethazine will make you a Little sleepy, there are better PX to help you sleep.Save it for when you have a bad hang over to settle your stomach..........LOL

Promethazine (Phenergan) is an anti-histamine and anti-emetic. Most people find it somewhat sedating. About the same feeling as diphenhydramine (Benedryl). Will help you sleep and relax. Probably work on anxiety. Hydroxyzine (Atarax or Vistaril) is well suited to IBS and anxiety. If GI symptoms are not part of your anxiety issues then your physician would more likely put you on a benzodiazepine like Lorazepam, Alprazolam or Clonazepam (Ativan, Xanax and Klonopin, respectively).

It's a sedative antihistamine, so it'll make you a bit sleepy, but it won't do much for anxiety.

Prolonged Fasting result in Falsely elevated Triglycerides?

2010-05-25T19:27:00.001-07:00

Hihi.. I have been looking for infos on the impact of prolonged fasting( %26gt; 14hrs) effects on triglycerides. Does anyone know how much effects it can have on triglycerides? What is the metabolic pathway involved that helps the liver breaks down "something" to produce tryiglycerides so the TG will be falsely increased under prolonged fasting(eg like starvation). Is the TG increase dramatic? Is this not reccomanded when a fasting lab test is necessary?
Can anyone explain the metabolic pathway? thx !~ i have returned my biochem to my lecturer.. =x

Anyone from lab wish to share some experience? =)
Answer:
The pathway is lipolysis and reesterification. Adipocytes release free fatty acids (not TG's) which are taken to the liver for making energy, namely ketone bodies during starvation. Some FFA's are stuck back together to be released as TG's in VLDL's (very low denstiy lipoproteins).
In the liver triglycerides (from blood or diet) are broken down into lipids and glycerol. These can be converted into glucose or ketone bodies. Some other tissues can utilize intrinsic TG's but I am not sure how useful they are immediately from the bloodstream and during starvation.
In blood tests you can get a high TG value from fasting 12-24 hours but a severe hyperlipidemia is apparent in a markedly starved animal (humans are animals, too). There are suggested cut-offs in vet med based on percentages of normal values to determine whether an animal is currently starving (or just fasting).
Hope that helps

Procardia to stop preterm contractions?

2010-05-25T19:27:00.000-07:00

I am 32 weeks and have been hospitalized twice for thretened preterm labor meaning I have not dilated, but my contractions could have started the process.
I have been given both Terbutaline, and Procardia. I did not do well on the Terbutaline since it got my heart at 128 BPM, while the max is 110 during pregnancy. I was now switched to Procardia because on the first hospital incident, I was given Procardia and responded well to it.
I have done some research on both Terbutaline and Procardia, and found that Terbutaline may be linked to brain damage, autism, speech impediments, low blood sugar, and high blood sugar. I did not however, find anything on Procardia, which I'm sure does not make it safe anyhow.
I was wondering if any moms have taken Procardia during pregnancy, and if so how many mg. and how often daily for how long? More importantly, how are your babies?If anyone has any info on Procardia related to it's use during pregnancy, please share with me.
Thank you in advance!
Answer:
Hi. I saw you had no answers, so I thought I would see what I could do.

BNF says that one of the cautions of taking Procardia (ifedipine) is that it may inhibit labour - but thats what you want! Its list of side effects dont include any fetus-related ones:
"headache, flushing, dizziness, lethargy; tachycardia, palpitation; short-acting preparations may induce an exaggerated fall in blood pressure and reflex tachycardia which may lead to myocardial or cerebrovascular ischaemia; gravitational oedema, rash (erythema multiforme reported), pruritus, urticaria, nausea, constipation or diarrhoea, increased frequency of micturition, eye pain, visual disturbances, gum hyperplasia, asthenia, paraesthesia, myalgia, tremor, impotence, gynaecomastia; depression, telangiectasia, cholestasis, jaundice reported"

According to this website:
http://fpb.case.edu/bedrest/handouts/med...

"No serious newborn side effects have been noted."

However, this website:
http://www.having-a-baby.com/chart.htm#e...

Says:
"Not proven to be safe during pregnancy. Possible temporary fetal/neonatal cardiovascular functional abnormalities."

So, we have some conflicting views due to the lack of studies done. But, I will let BNF take the last word:

"May inhibit labour; manufacturer advises avoid, but risk to fetus should be balanced against risk of uncontrolled maternal hypertension"

Note the last bit: "risk to fetus should be balanced against risk of uncontrolled maternal hypertension". That is what your doctor has done. He needs a drug to lower your blood pressure, and he cant use many due to contraindications, and so he chose this one. If you had no drug, your blood pressure would be too high, and that would cause risk to you and your baby.

Hope that helps

Ashley

Primary & Secondary sensroy receptors?

2010-05-25T19:26:00.002-07:00

I don't remember the exact names for the two types of sensory receptors, but i know one generates action potential and the other one (secondary one) just releases neruontransmitter onto the second order neuron, which then generates action potential. What are the exact names for those two types receptors?

And correct me if I am wrong: mechano %26 olfaction use the primary one, and taste, hearing and vision use the secondary one?

Thanks sooo much =)
Answer:
Holy cow. I'm not sure I understand this question but I *think* you are asking about Tonic Receptors and Phasic Receptors. =o)

Tonic - Odor and Touch.
Phasic - Vision, Hearing and Taste.

Hope I got it right.

Presence of sperms in female urine sediment,is it reportable?

2010-05-25T19:26:00.001-07:00

I work in a clinical laboratory in " urine analysis " department.I would like to know if I find any sperm in female's urine,will it be important to report? and will it be a sighn of any disorder or just it shows an previouse intercourse?! will it help doctor to recognize anything?
please help me.
Answer:
I write a lot of laboratory procedures. We report everything seen on a microscopic UA; however, the presence of spermatozoa in the urine of a consenting adult female is considered to be normal. Since the laboratory has no knowledge of the patient's circumstances (i.e., rape, incest, mental or physical incapacity), it is up to the ordering physician to evaluate the significance of all findings when treating his patient. Since the reporting of spermatozoa is part of the urinalysis order/test, it would be inappropriate to withold any information regarding their presence. A laboratory should not refrain from reporting something just because it is considered to be a normal finding.

You should refer to your laboratory's microscopic urinalysis procedure to see what it says and follow it. Sometimes the hospital medical staff will dictate what will be reported on a urinalysis and their wishes will be incorporated into the procedure.

It should be reported, however all it indicates as you have already said, is that the female patient has had intercourse in the last 24 hours...

I also work in a lab and have talked to other lab techs about this. Our policy, and theirs, is to never report sperm in a woman's urine. There's only one way it could get there and it's not pathologically significant.

There is no need to report that unless until you are specifically asked to do so. Since you are not working in a forensic lab this observation is not significant, even though you can make out the patient had intercourse in last 48 hours.

No need to report

I am surprised at previous answers. I think it is wrong to omit what you see. You are a technician, a very important position in medical diagnosis, but you are not a guardian of public or private mores.

By the same token, you are morally (and perhaps legally) obligated to keep your mouth shut about your findings. Blabbing your findings to other techs in the lab, or to other unconcerned parties is simply wrong.

We ignore it, but it does get listed as present on the lab sheet.

I work in an Emergency Room and seen a few cases where the presence of sperm in a patients urine led us to file CPS or APS reports. When you recieve a specimen into the lab, you get no medical history with it. In the cases I have seen, the patients were both mentally incapacitated. Therefor, not choosing to have intercourse. In my opinion, this result should always be reported. It is up to the physician to decide what is relevant and what isn't. If it is irrelevant, it will be ignored by the physician. In some cases, I know, it has given a voice to people who weren't able to speak for and protect themselves. I know it's a rarity......but it happens.

Pre-med courses?

2010-05-25T19:26:00.000-07:00

What pre-med course would you recommend? Some of you may answer Biology, but I want some alternative if ever I don't get into Medicine. I'm considering Medical Technology, Physical Theraphy, Public Health and Pharmacy.

Suggestions please.
Answer:
biochemistry, Anatomy and physiology, microbiology, endocrinology, genetics, psych classes. Of course, this is on top of the prerequisite biology, advanced biology, 2 semesters of physics, gen chem, and organic chemistry, all with a lab.

Medical technology would give you most of the courses for medical school, if you took an ASCP course for the registry.

Honestly, take whatever class you'll get an "A" in. That's what will help you get into the med school and once you're in you'll learn such a ridiculous amount of material that you'll barely remember college! This probably isn't the answer you're looking for, but it's the truth! Good Luck!

Let's have a look. Here is the web site for Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. This is a medical school, but also offers degree courses in other fields.
Good luck.

Posture: Can you sit too upright? It hurts my lower back when I sit completely straight?

2010-05-25T19:25:00.002-07:00

I've been told I have bad posture and have been encouraged to sit up straight but I find sitting straight causes strain in my lower back.

Is this OK?
Answer:
Yes it's normal. The muscles that should support your back probably haven't be used for a long time. Just like any unused muscle it takes training. Persist - it's worth it in the long run.

Depends, how old are you and what do you do for a living?

Your back has a natural curve so its no wonder it hurts if you are trying to stand perfectly straight.

usually when that happen it means your extremity muscles are pulling the back bone causing muscle tension. the solution to that is simple: do some stretches every morning and at night. touch your feet with your hands until you achieve flexibility. that wil fix your problem. avoid meds specially prescription.

Also work on strengthening the lower abdominal muscles. A lot of lower back pain and bad posture is caused by an imbalance between the abs and back muscles. So-called "weak backs" are just as likely to be weak abs that don't do their job of supporting the lower spine. Work on the lower abs by lying down and doing pelvic rolls and lifts with those muscles tightened inwards; when you walk, keep your pelvis tucked in instead of allowing yourself to slump into a swayback posture. (And try bellydancing! It's one of the best lower ab toners out there!)

It's impossible from the web to determine your source of pain. Best if you see a physical therapist or your family doctor.

Possible sources of pain could be:

- strain on spinal connective tissues, ligaments due to shortening that has occurred. This can happen if you maintain poor postures for prolonged periods.

- overworked superficial back muscles. If the spinal stabilizers are weak, you rely heavily on the erector spinae. These muscles are not designed to work over prolonged periods and therefore fatigue quickly resulting in burning pain.

- disc pressure, bulges, or herniations. This usually occurs in individuals between the ages of 35 and 55, and is aggravated by poor postures.

Of course there are other sources of pain that need to be ruled out by your family doctor such as tumours, arthritis, spondylolithesis, spondylosis, degenerating discs, internal issues such as kidney or bowel problems, etc.

It's best if you see your doctor.

If your doctor clears you of serious pathology you may find the following web site helpful in gaining strength in your postural muscles:

http://www.exercise-ball-exercises.com...

Posture re-training: How long will it take for for my new posture to feel natural?

2010-05-25T19:25:00.001-07:00

I've been working on improving my posture for health reasons.
I think I'm doing it correctly but it is causing moderate back strain.
I'm also finding it difficult to remember to always stand/sit 'tall'

How long does it take for the muscles to stengthen and also for the posture 'habit' to embed (roughly - I know it will vary)?
Answer:
I ve had a similar issue. i have scoliosis and use orthopedic inserts in my shoes to help correct posture. it did hurt, alot, i felt that i was walking wrong and that maybe they were done incorrectly. but after about 3 months i could walk in them without back strain or pain. It turns out that it takes a lot more energy to walk incorrectly then correct. i came out much straighter and with alot more energy and strength

Keep in mind my doctor told me to only walk in them sporadically for the first 2 months to get used to the pain of my spine realigning. but I'm a moron and just walked in them all the time. and it hurt alot for about 3 months. so who knows how long its would take to acclimate to a straighter posture at the recommended rate. maybe 5 - 6 months?

hope this helps

PLZ tell me about normal levels (max & min) of aminotransferases (AST & ALT) in RATS !?

2010-05-25T19:25:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Here is all the values you need!!

Normal Lab Values

Normal blood pressure 60-90/75-120

Blood volume 5.6-7.1 ml/100g

Clotting time 2-5 minutes

Rat Hematologic Reference Ranges1

RBC 6.76-9.75 x 106/mm3

PCV 37.6-50.6%

WBC 6.6-12.6 x 103/mm3

Hemoglobin 11.5-16.1 g/dL

Neutrophils 1.77-3.38 x 103/mm3

Lymphocytes 4.78-9.12 x 103/mm3

Eosinophils 0.03-0.08 x 103/mm3

Monocytes 0.01-0.04 x 103/mm3

Basopnils 0.00-0.03 x 103/mm3

Platelets 150-460 x 103/mL

RBC = red blood cells

PCV = packed cell volume

WBC = white blook cells

Rat Biochemical Reference Ranges1

Total protein 5.6-7.6 g/dL

Albumin 3.8-4.8 g/dL

Glucose 50-135 mg/dL

BUN 15-21 mg/dL

Creatinine 0.2-0.8 mg/dL

Sodium 143-156 mEq/L

Potassium 5.4-7 mEq/L

Chloride 100-110 mEq/L

Phosphorous 3.11-11 mg/dL

Calcium 5.3-13 mg/dL

ALT 17.5-30.2 U/L

AST 45.7-80.8 U/L

Alkaline phos 56.8-128 U/L

Cholesterol 40-130 mg/dL

Total bilirubin 0.2-0.55 mg/dL

Amylase 128-313 SU/dL

BUN = blood urea nitrogen

ALT = alanine aminotransferase

AST = aspartate aminotransferase

Normal Urinalysis

Urine pH 7.5-8.5

Osmolality 1660

Specific Gravity 1.04-1.07

1 Exotic Animal Companion Medicine Handbook for Veterinarians, Johnson-Delaney, C., 1996, Zoological Education Network

Plz give me good Pathophysiology Website?

2010-05-25T19:24:00.001-07:00

more on Medicine not the general one. tnx. Dementia for example.
Answer:
you could try emedicine or pubmed. Both provide pretty extensive information on diseases you might need to look up on.

www.emedicine.com
www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/

Hope this helps! :)

Please tell me how to get medicine free?

2010-05-25T19:24:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Ask the doctor for free samples. You can also contact the pharmaceutical companies that make your medication and ask, they have the ability to give you coupons for reduced or free prescriptions. Good Luck.

for what lady? you can get samples that about it.

If you qualify for medicaid, because of your economic situation you will be able to get your prescription free, otherwise you are welcome to the club and pay for your medicine

e-mail me immediately

YOU STEAL IT. Just kidding. IF you have some kind of insurance (I.E Medical, blue cross, healthy families, AstraZeneca) You may be able to get it free or for a reduced price. You need to have qualifications for those insurances but you can get medicine cheap if you qualify. You can look up and sign up for AstraZeneca online for example. 鈽?

Please tell me everything you can about the vitreous humor in the eye.?

2010-05-25T19:23:00.001-07:00

I wanna know about the liquid inside it....the refractive index of that....its density....the source of the liquid.....in how many days is it replenished if it is replenished at all.......its colour and everything else you may know....please its urgent.....
Answer:
Vitreous humour (British spelling) or Vitreous humor (U.S. spelling) is the clear aqueous solution that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the vertebrate eyeball. The solution is 99% water, but has a gelatinous viscosity two to four times that of water. The remaining solutes include salts, sugars, phagocytes, and a network of collagen fibers. Thus, unlike water, it has a refraction index of 1.336[1]. The phagocytic cells are present to remove unwanted debris in the visual field. The primary purpose of the vitreous humor is to provide a cushioned support for the rest of the eye, as well as a clear unobstructed path for light to travel to the retina.

The collagen fibers of the vitreous are held apart by electrical charges. With aging, these charges tend to reduce, and the fibers may clump together. Similarly, the gel may liquefy, a condition known as syneresis, leading to cells and other organic clusters to float freely within the vitreous humor. These commonly lead to floaters which are perceived in the visual field as spots or fibrous strands. Floaters are generally harmless, but the sudden onset of recurring floaters may signify a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) or other diseases of the eye.

The metabolic exchange and equilibration between systemic circulation and vitreous humor is so slow that vitreous humor is sometimes the fluid of choice for postmortem analysis of glucose levels or substances which would be more rapidly diffused, degraded, excreted, or metabolized from the general circulation.

Composition
The solution is 99% water, but has a gelatinous viscosity two to four times that of water. The remaining solutes include salts, sugars, phagocytes, and a network of collagen fibres. Thus, unlike water, it has a refraction index of 1.336[1].

Hyaluronic acid was first isolated from vitreous humour.

[edit] Function
The phagocytic cells are present to remove unwanted debris in the visual field. The primary purpose of the vitreous humour is to provide a cushioned support for the rest of the eye, as well as a clear unobstructed path for light to travel to the retina.

[edit] Pathology
The collagen fibres of the vitreous are held apart by electrical charges. With aging, these charges tend to reduce, and the fibres may clump together. Similarly, the gel may liquefy, a condition known as syneresis, leading to cells and other organic clusters to float freely within the vitreous humour. These commonly lead to floaters which are perceived in the visual field as spots or fibrous strands. Floaters are generally harmless, but the sudden onset of recurring floaters may signify a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) or other diseases of the eye.

[edit] Clinical significance
The metabolic exchange and equilibration between systemic circulation and vitreous humour is so slow that vitreous humour is sometimes the fluid of choice for postmortem analysis of glucose levels or substances which would be more rapidly diffused, degraded, excreted, or metabolised from the general circulation.

A vitrectomy is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humour from the eye.

[edit] External links
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i...

Vitreous humor filling the cavity of eye. It is gelatinous medium.
Lights beam pass through vitreous humor, refract and go on to yellow spot of retina and compose picture .Vitreous content, water, minerals,lisosimes,secretory Iga, sugar...

The vitreous humor is a clear gel which occupies the posterior compartment of the eye, located between the crystalline lens and the retina and occupying about 80% of the volume of the eyeball. Light initially entering the eye through the cornea, pupil, and lens, is transmitted through the vitreous to the retina.

Vitreous humor has the following composition:

1. water (99%)
2. a network of collagen fibrils
3. large molecules of hyaluronic acid
4. peripheral cells (hyalocytes)
5. inorganic salts
6. sugar
7. ascorbic acid

hyaloid artery
The “hyaloid artery” (a branch of the primitive dorsal ophthalmic artery) extends, in the fetus, from the optic cup of the optic nerve into the vitreous cavity and forward to the lens to aid its development. The hyaloid artery regresses during the last trimester of fetal formation, leaving behind the “Cloquet’s canal” through the vitreous. Sometimes, the hyaloid artery remains after birth and is viewable by a doctor looking into the eye as a “persistent hyaloid artery,” but it rarely is noticeable to the person who has it.

posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)
With age, the vitreous humor changes from a gel to a liquid. As it does so, the vitreous mass gradually shrinks and collapses, separating and falling away from the retina. This is called a “posterior vitreous detachment” (PVD) and is a normal occurrence between ages 40 and 70.

Commonly, a person having experienced a PVD will report seeing flashing lights and/or floaters in his or her field of vision. The flashes of light occur as the vitreous tugs on the sensory layer of the retina as the vitreous is detaching. The floaters—which are cells or debris released when the vitreous detaches—can appear as little dots, circles, lines, cobwebs, or clouds. They especially can be apparent when looking at a bright background, as the light entering the eye casts shadows of the floaters onto the retina. Sometimes a large, single floater actually can obstruct print that is being read. The observance of flashes and floaters can last two or more weeks. Even episodes lasting as long as six months can occur.

It is said that the percent chance of having a vitreous detachment is at least the same as one’s age. However, a PVD may occur earlier than normal in moderately to extremely nearsighted people, as well as in people who have had cataract surgery. A dilated eye exam should be performed to make sure the symptoms are not due to a retinal detachment, which is a much more serious and potentially sight-threatening condition.

floaters (muscae volitantes)
As a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) occurs—that is, as the vitreous fluid separates from the retina—organic debris or particles known as “floaters” are released. Another name for floaters is “muscae volitantes” (flying flies). Most floaters are merely compressed cells or strands of the vitreous gel which have clumped together so that they are less transparent than the rest of the vitreous. Some floaters are remnants of the hyaloid artery, which usually disintegrates before birth. These types of floaters are harmless.

Floaters sometimes interfere with vision, often during reading, and they can be quite annoying. If a floater appears directly in the line of sight, the best thing to do is to move the eye from side to side or up and down. Doing so can create a current within the internal fluids to move the floater temporarily away from the line of sight. If a floater is suspended in a portion of vitreous humor which is very viscous, it can be very persistent and bothersome. Unfortunately, in most instances, there is nothing to do but learn to tolerate the floater’s presence. Surgical removal is considered only in the most extreme cases.

Usually, the vitreous makes a clean break as it pulls away from the retina. Occasionally, however, the vitreous adheres tightly onto the retina in certain places; and a small, often horseshoe-shaped tear in the retina can result from persistent tugging by the vitreous. Unless the retinal tear is repaired, fluid can seep through this hole into or underneath the retina and cause a retinal detachment, a very serious, sight-threatening condition. As the vitreous membrane tugs on the retina, at points where the two structures remain attached, the tension can cause “flashing” sensations. Occasional flashes of light usually are nothing to be concerned about, unless they increase in frequency and occur in conjunction with a sudden onset of a large number of floaters, in which case a retinal detachment may have occurred.

asteroid hyalosis
Not uncommonly, tiny spherical or disc-shaped, “soapy” globs, can be located in the vitreous of one eye or occasionally both eyes; this is known as “asteroid hyalosis.” When present, these calcium-containing lipid complexes usually are suspended throughout the vitreous. Usually, these “asteroids” are not observable by a person who has them, and they normally do not cause any decrease in vision, since light generally passes through them unaffected. Rarely, however, if the asteroids coalesce on the visual axis, at or near the nodal point behind the lens, there can be a profound decrease in vision. In such a case, removal of the asteroids, via a vitrectomy, is an option to restore vision.

Please if any one can help me please answer unexplained massive weight gain - medications ???

2010-05-25T19:23:00.000-07:00

I have many health issuses ranging from Chronic pain , caused bry a car accident 6 years ago, for which I take Morphine daily - through to being a type 2 Diabetic (due to being morbidly obese) - before the accident I weighed 71 kg, after the accident my weight at my heaviest was 147kg, I had my gallbladder and my Myrena IUD removed and lost 63kg in under 4 months, I've since had another Myrena IUD inserted and have gained over 24kg, my sugar levels are really high with readings between 26.4 - 9.3, I have NO appertite, my Dr won't believe me that I'm NOT OVER EATING ! I've even had my husband try to explaine to our Dr that I don't eat, due to my pain issues I am some what restricted with excerise, but I do walk each day for 45 minutes - which now gives me chest pain, On top of all this I am going through a very early change of life, my blood pressure rises with pain, I'm only 35 years old, if I don't lose a lot of weight, I'm at risk of 1 in 4 chances of having a stroke or heart attack.
Answer:
You are type II diabetic. That means if you lose weight your body will quite likely restore the blood glucose level to normal by itself. The only option you should take is to exercise regularly. Dont do dieting because since your body is in a position of recovering from all the obstacles, dieting will eradicate this from happening. Your body never gives up. It will do anything it can to do its best as long as energy is provided. So do eat, but dont eat too much. Believe it or not eating too much carbohydrates makes you heavier than just consuming fats or proteins. However eat only small amounts of carbohydrates and lipids but take proteins in a slightly large amount for repairing. Eating an egg every 2 weeks will be good and eating fish at least 2 times every week will rapidly increase your ability of your body to heal. Also exercise for more then 45 minutes. Start by walking and then progress. If you walk or cover the same distance every day for the same time your body will not progress, so progress your exercise routine atleast every week. From this your body will have the potential to meet simple demands. Also going for a walk atleast 3 times every day will be a good start.

These are some important tips:
Never sleep when your are bloated.
Sleep regularly.
dont exercise after you eat.
and drink lots of water

hope it helps and good luck in it..

it should make you lose with not gain it, and if your type 2 dieabetes is what you have the insulin should help you not gain weight as well, so it could make you gain some weight but not a lot of weight with the meds your on.
best thing is to ask your docotr if thats what is making you gain the weight.

I can really sympathize with you, because I was on alot of meds and gained alot of weight. I went from 140 lbs to 246lbs in less than a year. I didn't think I was eating much either and my family also didn't think I was. Some times it is what we eat, or the picking that we do without realizing it. Anyways, I had weight loss surgery and have lost all the weight and I feel wonderful. I had the lap band because it is reversable and it is not major surgery. My friend who was also over weight had the gastric bypass because she also had type 2 diabetes, and with the bypass most people's diabetes go away within a couple of days after surgery. Something about the way your body processes the sugar after surgery. She had her surgery march 7th of this year and has already lost 67 lbs. Her sugar is normal and she looks and feels great.I'm not advocating for you to have one of the two types of weight loss surgeries, but it really is something that is worth looking into.there are a couple of web sites you can look at to check out both types of surgeries, interact with people who have had them and view before and after pics.
www.lapbandtalk.com
and for the gastric bypass www.obesityhelp.com
I sincerely hope this information helps you. Good Luck.

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:22:00.002-07:00

1. Which of the following statements describes the process of anaerobic glycolysis?

A. The body breaks down ATP and PC to create energy.
B. The body uses oxygen to form new stores of ATP.

C. The body partially breaks down glucose to produce energy (ATP) and the by-product lactic acid.

D. The body breaks down oxygen and glycogen to produce energy.

2. A contraction that causes a muscle to lengthen rather than shorten is called

A. eccentric.
B. isotonic.

C. static.

D. isokinetic.

3. Which of the following statements concerning energy production is true?

A. Energy is produced only in the cardiovascular system.
B. The body breaks down adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create energy.

C. The body uses chemical reactions to break foods down into METS.

D. The only way the body can produce energy is by using oxygen.

4. Which of the following sports uses Energy System 3 to supply ATP to the body?

A. Weight lifting
B. Gymnastics

C. Swimming

D. Wrestling

5. The basic unit that describes energy costs in terms of oxygen consumption is the

A. MET.
B. kcal.

C. ATP.

D. ADP.
Answer:
ummmm, cbdac :o)

can u plz post this at http://www.tutorbuddy.org i will answer when u post

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:22:00.001-07:00

16. Regular aerobic exercise decreases the fat-to-muscle ratio because

A. excess fat stores become more toned and conditioned.
B. excess fat stores are burned for energy.

C. increases in muscle mass push excess fat into the bloodstream.

D. increased oxygen demands signal the body to become anaerobic for greater muscle mass.

17. Which of the following causes muscular fatigue after just a few minutes of intense exertion?

A. Lactic acid
B. ATP

C. Aerobic glycolysis

D. PC

18. Anaerobic training increases your

A. flexibility.
B. red blood cell count.

C. lung capacity.

D. strength.

19. Which of the following should you try to maintain for 20鈥?0 minutes during exercise?

A. Target heart rate
B. Anaerobic glycolysis

C. Maximum heart rate

D. METS

20. What is the training effect?

A. The tendency to suffer injuries as a result of too much exercise
B. Shortness of breath and dizziness caused by overexertion

C. An increase in the resting heart rate and a decrease in the stroke volume of the heart

D. A term that describes the many physiological changes resulting from participation in vigorous muscular fitness activities
Answer:
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D

B)
A)
D)
D)

16. B
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:22:00.000-07:00

1. The type of joint that allows the greatest degree of movement is the _______ joint.

A. gliding

B. saddle

C. ball-and-socket

D. hinge

2. Osteopathy and myocardosis are medical terms referring to

A. inflammation
.
B. disease.

C. sensation.

D. tumor.

3. How many receiving chambers and outgoing chambers does the heart have?

A. One outgoing chamber; no receiving chamber

B. Two receiving chambers and two outgoing chambers

C. One receiving chamber and one outgoing chamber

D. One receiving chamber; no outgoing chamber

4. Which one of these statements is true regarding blood circulation?

A. For health and survival, it's critical for blood circulation to be ongoing and uninterrupted.

B. Normally, blood circulates in a repeating stop-start rhythm.

C. The heart deoxygenates blood that's returned to it.
Answer:
1 C
2 B
3 B
4 A

1..C
2..B
3..B
4...A

1. A ball %26 socket joint has 3 degrees of motion compared to a hinge joint %26 saddle which has 2 degrees of motion. A gliding joint has only one degree of motion. In other words, a ball %26 socket joint like the hip and shoulder joints can do triplanar motion namely abduction/adduction, flexion/extension and rotation.

2. Both of them refer to a disease process. Osteopathy (osteo=bone, pathy=pathology) and myocardosis (myo=muscle, cardio=heart, osis=condition).

3. There are 2 receiving chambers in the heart, the right atrium receives from the vena cavae and the right ventricle from the pulmonary vein. The outgoing chambers consist of the left atrium which pumps the blood to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle which pumps blood to the body via the aorta.

4. A

c,b,b,c

1 c
2 b
3 b
4 a

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:21:00.001-07:00

1. An emergency first aid kit should include

A. sterile gauze pads in assorted sizes.
B. a bottle of multiple vitamins.

C. a knife to cut open blood blisters.

D. aspirin.

2. Which of the following is not a type of open wound?

A. Abrasion
B. Avulsion

C. Puncture

D. Bruise

3. A good aerobic facility will have

A. a lot of equipment.
B. good ventilation.

C. carpet over concrete flooring.

D. dim lighting.

4. When aerobic exercise is combined with calisthenics as well as warm-up and cooldown stretches, it

A. is much more competitive than other sports.
B. has a high risk of injury.

C. doesn't strengthen or condition the heart.

D. provides a complete workout.
Answer:
1 a 2 d 3 b 4 d

If you can't answer that yourself, I really hope I don't need first aid around you.

1.a 2.d 3.a 4.d

1. a
2. d
3. c
4. d

Good luck.

adbd

1 a
2 b
3 b
4 d

1.a
2.d
3.b
4.d

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:21:00.000-07:00

9. The displacement of a bone end from a joint is called

A. a dislocation.
B. a soft tissue sprain.

C. bursitis.

D. chondromalacia.

10. Which of the following statements describes "long-term" aerobics students?

A. They aren't prone to minor injuries.
B. Long-term students need not worry about preventative safety techniques.

C. They risk injury even though they may be in good shape.

D. Long-term students reduce their occurrences of microtrauma over time.

11. What should an aerobics instructor do if a student loses consciousness and isn't breathing?

A. Perform the Heimlich maneuver
B. Call for emergency help immediately, and if certified, begin the rescue breathing procedure immediately

C. Hit the chest to start breathing

D. Elevate the feet

12. The RICE method for initial 48-hour treatment of certain fitness injuries includes

A. a high-carbohydrate diet, rest, and relaxation.
B. a referral, high-carbohydrate diet, and rest.

C. rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

D. rest, injury, carbohydrates, and exercise.

13. Which of the following requires immediate professional attention?

A. Muscle soreness
B. Excessive bleeding

C. Skin abrasions

D. Shin splints
Answer:
1- a) disclocation (a.k.a. subluxation)

10 - c) They risk injury even though they may be in good shape

11) b)
Call for emergency help immediately, and if certified, begin the rescue breathing procedure immediately

12 - c) rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

13 - B) Excessive bleeding

9. DISLOCATION if the bone is still in tact but the joint is not.
SUBLUXATION if the bone is in tact but it either left the joint and returned to original position or simply stretched the joint capule itself. If the bone is not in tack then you have bone spurs, breaks, fractures, etc.

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. B

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:20:00.001-07:00

1. The most successful weight control program involves

A. eating a lowfat diet.
B. exercising aerobically.

C. combining aerobic exercise with a healthy diet.

D. weight training.

2. A person trying to lose weight should

A. lose one to two pounds a week.
B. reduce his or her intake of water.

C. lift weights every day.

D. lose 20 pounds a month.

3. The main reason why you should reduce your intake of eggs is because egg yolks

A. lack carbohydrates.
B. are high in cholesterol.

C. are high in protein.

D. lack fiber.

4. High-fat diets can cause atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by

A. reduced protein availability to cells.
B. decreased glycogen storage.

C. thickening and hardening of the artery walls.

D. softening of the artery walls.

5. Which of the following is a disaccharide?

A. Sucrose
B. Glucose

C. Fructose

D. Galactose
Answer:
1) C.
2) A.
3) B.
4) C.
5) A.

1 (C)
2 (A)
3 (C) [Not sure]
4 (C)
5 (A)

1. = C
2. = A
3. = B
4. = C
5, = A

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:20:00.000-07:00

16. Which of the following is true?

A. It would take three to five hours to hydrate the body after a water loss of 3 percent.
B. A critical time to replace bodily fluids is while exercising.

C. Mild food ingestion during exercise increases water absorption from the stomach during exercise.

D. Thirst is the best indicator of water requirement during competition.

17. What effect does the aging process have on dietary guidelines?

A. You'll need additional calories to fuel the body.
B. Prescription drugs often present side effects and therefore should always be taken with food.

C. It causes nutrient deficiencies so you'll need to rely more heavily on nutrient supplements.

D. If you take diuretics, they can deplete potassium levels, so you may have to eat more foods containing this nutrient.

18. The eating disorder characterized by compulsive overeating followed by self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives or diuretics is

A. malnutrition.
B. cirrhosis.

C. anorexia nervosa.

D. bulimia.

19. Saturated fats are found primarily in

A. fruits and grains.
B. animal products.

C. vegetable oils.

D. alcoholic beverages.

20. The greatest water loss per day occurs

A. through the skin (perspiration).
B. through the lungs (exhalation).

C. in feces.

D. in urine.
Answer:
A, D, D, B, C

to the post below me: if you feel thirsty, you're already dehydrated.

16 D
17A
18D
19B
20A

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:19:00.001-07:00

5. Prolonged use of steroids causes

A. muscle atrophy.

B. a decrease in blood pressure.

C. an increase in sperm production.

D. unexpected mood swings, such as depression.

6. The function of the pulmonary circuit of the heart is to

A. make the lungs grow larger

B. increase anaerobic muscle power.

C. reoxygenate blood.

D. build muscular strength.

7. A muscular contraction that causes a muscle to shorten as it develops tension is called

A. eccentric.

B. spasmodic.

C. isometric.

D. isotonic.

8. Which of these describes bending the knee joint to bring the lower-leg and upper-leg bones closer together?

A. Flexion

B. Adduction

C. Extension

D. Abduction
Answer:
1.d
2.c
3.d
4.d

5-a, 6-c, 7-b, 8-b

it sounds like you probably need to know this, sounds like something for an emt class. look it up online, don't trust peoples answers on here they could just be guessing...

5. a and d
6. c
7. d
8. c

Please help multiple choice. Thanks?

2010-05-25T19:19:00.000-07:00

13. A skeletal muscle attaches to

A. bones of the skeleton.
B. body organs.

C. the heart.

D. a ligament.

14. Possible causes of muscle soreness include all of the following except

A. overstretching.
B. torn muscle fibers.

C. muscular spasms reducing blood flow.

D. insufficient lactic acid.

15. Muscular atrophy involves a process in which

A. muscle fibers enlarge and increase protein filaments
B. muscles deteriorate resulting in a decrease in the size and strength of muscle tissue.

C. muscle fibers replace connective tissue.

D. muscles deteriorate in size, but remain the same shape.

16. Synovial joints are freely movable joints that

A. include the neck, tibia, fibia, elbow, and knee.
B. connect the rib cage to the breastbone.

C. comprise the majority of joints in your body.

D. require little protection due to the lubricating fluid found in the joints.
Answer:
13. a
14. d
15. b
16. a

A D B A

Is this a trick question? My guesses are 13. D, 14. D, 15. B, 16. C I can't be certain because it's been a while since I was in school...

A - ligaments connect two bones
D
B
C - vertebral joints as in the neck are not synovial

PLEASE HELP ME!!!! please!?

2010-05-25T19:18:00.001-07:00

I NEEEEED a surgery simulation game! I have already played every edheads surgery game (they're boring), Life %26 Death, Life %26 Death 2: The Brain (Life %26 Death games are my fav! ^^), Dark Cut, the one where you cut 10 random objects out of the patient (weird), some other one that kind of looks like the guy on operation where you have to cut in a straight line - boring), Hospital Tycoon (pretty boring), I know I don't like Theme Hospital, and tried Trauma Center: Under the Knife, and I don't play sequels before I completely play the first (i'm not gonna play trauma center: second opinion until I play the first)

Are the ANY OTHER surgery simulation games? I LOVE the Life %26 Death series, but I NEED some other surgery sim game! PLEASE HELP!
Answer:
How about the game, Operation.

Wow.... have you considered therapy?

Chase.... Yes!
Why not study to become a surgeon in real life? It appears you have a strong calling. When one is so moved, it is well to follow. Blessings.

You really need an help !!

Maybe all the time you spend on video games, you should put into school. Study as hard as you play and become a surgeon!

Hi. Try this:

http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/swf/he...

Quite good it is.

Ashley

Please help identify this pill?

2010-05-25T19:18:00.000-07:00

I found an oval bluish colored pill with K54 imprinted on it in my sons room, I also found a small round white pill with what looks like a GG266 or perhaps its 66 266. This worries me and I could not find anything out by myself about them online. Does anyone know what these pills are and what they can do to you? My son is only 11, any help is much appreciated and thank you in advance.
Answer:
When it comes to identifying pills, www.drugs.com is highly recommended site. On the home page, you will see a tab marked pill identification. Click on this tab to brig up a few search boxes.... You can search by color, shape, imprint markings, and drug names. I tried using the markings you provided, but I didn't come up with a definitive identity. Maybe if you seen the pictures, they would help you to identify these pills. Good luck.. I hope this helps!! Ohh yeah... if you are using the imprint markings.. try using part of the imprint such as 'GG' instead of GG266!! It will show a list of every pill in their database with those numbers/letters!!

Take them to a pharmacist, they can tell you exactly what you have.

Yikes! I don't blame you for being a little worried! Call your pharmacy. They can look it up right away. Good luck.

call ur local poison control. describe it to them and they should be able to tell u
GOOD LUCK

just ask your son

The first one seems to be a Ginseng pill (see the link below).
But I think the best think to do is go see a doctor or a pharmacist. They can say what exactly these pills are and give you a professional advice.
http://store.orientalpharmacy.com/rawtig...

i had the same experience with my daughter...

all i did was google the number/letter combos on the pills and i found all the info i needed...including pictures

good luck

ASK YOUR SON!!! why sneak around? why not trust him? what does he have to hide? is it worth ruining your relationship with your son over? He honestly might not know how they got there... talk to him. communication is KEY.

go to your drug store

Have you tried drugid.info? It is a pretty good site. I believe the white one is a generic xanax

Any pharmacist can identify them for you.

So you do not trust your son at all.
Normal reaction of a parent.
It is no wonder the teens think parents are so stupid.

Start by talking to your son and go from there. Do not get angry and start doing stupid things. Act like the adult that you think you are.

You must have forgotten. More like you will not admit.

go to the FDA website

Please explain magnetic system and its effect on human body?

2010-05-25T19:17:00.000-07:00

Answer:
A magnetic field will only influence another magnetic field or the flow of electricity (which go hand-in-hand). The only major source of electrical activity in humans is the brain.

So although wearing a little magnetic bracelet is essentially worthless, there are medical uses for magnetism on the brain. Specifically, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/repetitive_... .

Magnets ave no effect on the human body. Magnetotherapy is CRAP.

Plastic surgery question.?

2010-05-25T19:16:00.001-07:00

Can they take fat from one body part and put it into another body part. One of my boobs is smaller than the other and I wonder if they could make it larger without using artificial materials.
Answer:
When they move fat, not all of it takes, so you never know what the end result will be. I've never seen it done for breasts, although I guess you could try it. I think there might be a problem with dimpling and unevenness within the breast. (Your nipple might end up looking at the ceiling, or toward your armpit or something)

If you have noticeable asymmetry (nobody is perfectly symmetric), the usual practice is to reduce the larger one or implant the smaller one, or implant both with different size implants to even them up.

Contact a plastic surgeon for an exam and consultation. There are different factors that make different operations appropriate or inappropriate.

Good luck to you.

ive heard of them doing it to use the fat a filler for smaller procedures, like injection into the face and lips, but i dont think it can be done for a larger area. i think you would probably have to get some kind of implant

I think it may be possible. I've heard of instances where surgeons take fatty tissue from calves, thighs, or buttocks and used them to reconstruct the lips.

they can take fat from other body parts to do reconstructive surgery post mastectomy. However, uneven/asymmetrical boobs are very common, and unless the disparity in size is so great that you just absolutely can't go out in public without wanting to hide, then it may not be worth the risk/trouble/money. Just get a pad for the smaller cup.

Plastic Surgery - Your opinion of it?

2010-05-25T19:16:00.000-07:00

Well, I'm just wondering what your view on plastic surgery is. I, myself, don't consider it very important. Plastic surgeons don't save lives. Therefore, they are not real doctors.
Answer:
Plastic/reconstructive surgeons are important to those who need them...i.e. people who were horribly mangled from accidents, burned or born with a deformity. As far as people visiting them to fix "imagined" flaws, I don't think it's that important, or even necessary but to each his/her own.

I don't, however, agree with your assessment that plastic surgeons aren't real doctors. Where do you get this? Plastic surgeons have to go through the same training as general surgeons such as 4 yrs of med school and 3-5 yrs general surgery training. The only difference is they have to go an additional 2-3 yrs in plastic surgery training, just like every doctor in their respective chosen field have to take courses in that particular field. My point is, plastic surgeons are also doctors.

Re-constructive plastic surgery is important.

try telling that to someone who has been horribly burnt, in a major trauma or with a congenital defect. There is more to being a doctor than saving lives. quality of life is a major consideration. otherwise why would we give people knee replacements? a bung knee doesn't kill you but it certainly can stop you doing alot of the things that most of us take for granted.

before you decide a specialty you need to go through the basics of medicine or premed, then med school, then the specialty that adds up 4 to 6 more years. It's just a persons choice what level and specialty they want to follow. Being a doctor is not just saving lifes.

Plase help! my dad has pancreatitis and has been told today his liver function test as high?

2010-05-25T19:15:00.001-07:00

how serious is that will he die!
Answer:
high lft's in and of themselves are not a strong predictor of morbidity. there's something called ranson's criteria which does equate certain lab values with prognosis, but lft's are not one of the predictive variables.

Yes - and so will you - and me and everyone else.

Even that fat bloke that lives up the road that you see going shopping every morning.

Get used to the idea.

The test just means that he has a "HIGH" liver function, which means his liver is mostly ok with just a bit of trouble. But the disease causes an inflammation which could be trouble. This is a time to be very careful and whatch what he eats and drinks or it could get very worse. Stick by him and support him now cause he's probably really scared about it(which he should be so he treats it serious) And see the doc regularly. I put a link in the sources so check it out cause it really has alot of info for you. Good Luck And God Bless

Pancreatitis can be extremely serious as well as very painful, and the recovery can be prolonged. It could be that there is a blockage of the drainage of the pancreatic and/or bile fluid, and this blockage would have to be bypassed. I am sorry that your dad is going through this and hope for the best for your family.

Liver function tests are usually in cases of pancreatitis. Certain enzymes would be elevated and helps to determine the diagnosis. Because his liver function test is high does not mean he will die. Liver function test is not an indicator of the severity of the pancreatitis, though it may may also mean liver involvement. If your dad is being treated now, the doctors will do appropriate investigations to decide for the appropriate treatment and management.

There are two situations that occur commonly and wind up with the combination of abnormal liver tests and pancreatitis. One is when the pancreatitis is caused by gallstones, and if that's the case, he'll need to have his gallbladder removed as soon as he's well enough. It's not to be taken lightly, but it is very common surgery. The other situation is when both are caused by alcoholism, in which case I'd suggest you join a group like Al-a-teen. He sounds sick, but most people get well, so there's no need to panic.

Your doctors should have explained by now if he is in serious trouble, if not ask them. Elevated liver enzymes usually mean that the drainage from the liver is or recently has been blocked.

The liver and gall bladder and the pancreas all end up draining through the same single tube.
A swollen pancreas can plug the tube. Gallstones that cause the pancreatitis will also plug the tube and the liver enzymes leak into the blood because of increased pressure.

Other things can plug those tubes, or they can cause the liver tests to go up in other ways, (alcohol can do that and damage the pancreas), so ask your father or get the family together and have the doctors explain what is causing the problem. An ultrasound of the pancreas and the ducts usually gives a good idea of what is going on.

Elevated liver enzymes do not mean that the liver is giving out, the drainage from it was probably plugged.

Plaese help me with this question!!?

2010-05-25T19:15:00.000-07:00

one of the concerns regarding the use of genetic technology centers around privacy issues such as genetic discrimination. once we improve our ability to screen the human genome for disease susceptibility. is there any level of testing that should be required by society as a means of reducing health care costs or reducing transmission of genetic diseases across generation? analyze
Answer:
Definitely. I think scanning fetuses for genetic defects is a very good idea. As genetic defects are passed on by reproduction in %26gt;99% of cases, eliminating these would stop them being passed on in the future. If we also eliminated carriers of genetic diseases, by abortions of the gene-carrying fetuses, then incidents of genetic disease would decrease rapidly.

If we can stop a child from being born that is going to have to have lots of medical treatment in the future, and let the parents have another baby, that is healthy, that would be good for everyone involved: parents, society, government, NHS, etc.

I have CF (a genetic disease). If my parents had had the technology to scan for it (I think they might of, but didn't, but lets say, if they had) then I wouldn't have been born. This would have eased burden on them, I would not have minded (as I would not be alive), society would be better off financially (I cost the NHS %26gt;拢19,000 per year in medication ALONE, never mind hospital visits, my 6 surgeries, nebulisers etc). Also, although CF people are infertile, many genetic diseases can be passed on still. So, if these were got rid of, there would be no carriers, and no one would be born with CF.

Anyway, I am ranting now, hope that helps

Ashley

Pins and needles?

2010-05-25T19:14:00.001-07:00

After sleeping on one's hand for example, numbness sets in - followed by intense pins and needles as the cells can't get the oxygen they need: How long can it stay without flowing blood before the hand will be paralysed? I've heard that even a few seconds without oxygen (flowing blood) will cause the cells die, but surely it's got to be more like several hours (or even days)?
Answer:
In surgery the general rule is the arm can go without oxygen for 60 minutes and the leg without for 90 minutes to avoid permanent damage. If more time than that is needed, the tourniquet is released for 15 minutes before it is applied again.

In my own experience with foot surgery, it will become very painful for the patient around 45-60 minutes, creating problems for the anesthesiologist. (for most simple foot surgery (where you don't use the leg bones or re-route tendons) many surgeons and anesthesiologists will only have the patient heavily sedated only long enough to do give local anesthesia, then provide only light or no anesthesia after that.)

I know that the misuse of a tourniquet can cause immediate permanent damage up to and including loss of an appendage or limb. I think it is probably pretty quick if the blood is completely blocked. Needles and pins is only an indication of reduced blood flow and oxygenation. I think complete deprivation is severe pain until the cells die. But what do I know? Not much, really.

As soon as you lose all sensation in your hand, that is when you will find that it is paralysed.

I would say that this will occur in about 10 minutes after siesation of blood flow.

However, if you were to cut off the blood supply for long enough, it would become paralysed for much longer after blood flow returns, maybe perminantly.

This is why you should always to try to sleep in a good position.

You are at risk of developing DVT (Deep vien thrombosis) because the blood will become stagnant and will stick together. It can block arties, including your heart arteries and blood vessels going towards the brain, leading to death.;
It is a common problems in low cost airlines because people stay cramped for so long,

You should try to move around if you can.

Although pins and needles is unlikily to kill you, it has the potensial to.

CREED

actually the feeling of intense pins and needles is due to the collapse and refill and it's created by nerve endings along the circulatory system. As far as how long, well some orthopedic cases require the help of a tourniquet up to 30 minutes. prolonged stop of flow will lead to severe ischemia followed by necrosis or cellular death.

Pills to jump start pituary gland?

2010-05-25T19:14:00.000-07:00

Hi everyone. I heard that there are pills that can increase your growth if you have passed your developing years. The pills are suppose to make your pituary gland more active. Does anyone know any info on them? The side effects and such?
Answer:
once grown you cannot get taller: HGH will not make you taller -only very ill. You can help your pituitary by living like a stone age man: daily run, drink water, eat little, be on the look out for enemies and do some mock combat daily; go to sleep ealry and wake early; keep regular hours and eat well. relate to others around you - al;l this will kick start your hormones and pituitary.

Pill identification?

2010-05-25T19:13:00.001-07:00

pull apart capsule green and white with 315 on it.

any ideas?... I tried the pill identification wizard.
Answer:
A pharmacy should be able too.. I worked in a pharmacy through college and they have a website dedicated to that.. at least the one i worked at did... Any pharmacy should be able too. I worked at a walmart pharmacy, and even tho the company is evil, the pharmacy staff is more than helpful.

I am by no means advertising for walmart so do not give me a bad rating for that reason... just speaking from experience

CALL A PHARMACY, TELL THEM YOU FOUND IT!

Does it have little bb's in it? There's no wording anywhere?Any weird symbols? It just sounds like an allergy pill (over the counter type, like a teldrin).

Try the link below. You can type "315" into the search bar and hopefully come up with an answer.

You can also try www.webmd.com

Piercings, Surgery and Plastic?

2010-05-25T19:13:00.000-07:00

Will medical staff permit plastic jewelry to hold the spot of a normal piercing before surgery? -I.E. Can I replace my belly ring with a plastic one for the surgery itself?
Answer:
It depends on what surgery you're having. If it's a laparoscopic procedure that goes through the belly button, then you'll have to take it out. If you're having knee surgery, maybe not.

Different facilities and surgeons have different policies. You'll need to ask your specific surgeon and the hospital or surgery center to find out.

Metal is off limits because of risk of burns from the electrocautery.

Nope. You cannot sterilize the plastic one also.

Everything that is not permanently attached to you must be removed. This is for the purpose of properly cleaning your skin and doing everything possible to prevent an infection.

Your belly ring piercing should not close up after such a short time as surgery. However, since it is a foreign body, if it is near the incision, I would ask the doctors when the best time to put it back will be. No point in putting it in early and giving yourself an infection.

Physicians?

2010-05-25T19:12:00.001-07:00

I'm thinking about medicine as a career choice, and I just wanted to know what kind of SAT scores you had, and what kind of grades you had in high school in order to get into a school with a good pre-med program. And also, what college did you go to, and what type of major did you have. Any help would be great, thanks.
Answer:
I am starting med school in the fall. I was never asked on any application to med school what my SAT score was, instead they are much more interested in your MCAT score. The MCAT should be taken after a person has completed all college science courses necessary to be admitted to med school (Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Organic Chemistry, Anatomy and Physiology). I had a 3.2 GPA in High School (again, they didn't ask what my high school grades were like). I graduated from Arizona State University with a Bachelor of Science in human health studies Summa *** Laude with a 4.01 GPA.

So what should you do? I would recommend that you find a College major that you enjoy, med schools don't care what your major was in college, but they do care about what you made of it, why you chose that major, how well you did in your classes and science prerequisite classes, what extracurricular activities you participated in. So, acceptance to medical school is not a science its an art, you have to be able to articulate why you did the things you did. They will ask you these things in a med school interview and they are looking for people who know what they are doing, why they are doing it and what goals they have for the future.

That being said, don't ever let anyone deter you from pursuing the career of your choice. If medicine is something you really want to do, I guarantee you will achieve your goal. I had a friend that was rejected 2 years in a row to med school and finally was accepted his 3rd time because he persisted. Good luck!

The SATs were scored differently when I took them than they are now, but my scores were high. Not perfect, but high. My grades in high school were excellent, with minimal effort.

As far as "pre-med program" - there really isn't such a thing. It's not necessary. You need a bachelors degree in ANYTHING, along with certain required science courses (biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, physics). Your academic advisor in college can steer you in the right direction in that regard.

In college, major in whatever interests you, even if that's medieval history or Russian literature. You do NOT have to have a science major, unless, of course, that is what you are most interested in. Get outstanding grades, and really learn the science material so that you can do well on the MCAT.

I went to a state school for college and medical school. I majored in psychology. I did very well on the MCAT and got accepted into several medical schools.

Medical school classes aren't necessarily difficult to understand, but you have to assimilate a staggering amount of information in a short period of time. If you can't pick things up quickly, you'll have trouble. One of the best things you can do to prepare yourself is to learn how to learn things quickly, if that makes sense. Develop good study habits, and that sort of thing.

Good luck to you!

Take the time this summer and attend as many free lectures or presentations that are offered by the local colleges in your area. Even a hum-drum sounding seminar may have some interesting information to offer you, and if you find the lecture impossible, you can leave without losing any money.

I had a 4.0 in high school with decent SAT scores and took summer school courses to get the college prerec classes out of the way. I got accepted to many colleges, but I couldn't decide if I wanted to study medicine or law. Then I went to a free summer lecture on the study of osteopathy and decided that medicine was the way to go, but I also met a Berkeley professor who was one of only 6 professionals who practiced both law and medicine.

My friends thought I was crazy, and my family didn't care as long as I stayed out of trouble and didn't put them in debt, so I decided to study both. I went to Touro University College of Osteopathy Medicine in Vallejo, California and Hastings Law School in San Francisco while working part-time so I didn't have to eat Kleenex. It was HARD work, and some days I thought I'd go crazy with all the stuff I had to study and do, but it was very rewarding and a lot of fun in many ways.

Don't kill yourself over getting stellar SAT scores in high school, but do try to knock out as many prerec classes as possible. The MCAT (or LSAT if you study law) is what counts, and once those knick-knack courses are out of the way, you can concentrate on your major(s).

Oh, and my little brother virtually flunked out of high school, but once he got into college (which was alot more fun), he breezed through and is now a forensic engineer. Not too shabby for him, who I used to call Demon Spawn.

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT vs.SURGICAL ASSISTANT?

2010-05-25T19:12:00.000-07:00

I HAVE A DEGREE IN SURGICAL TECH. CAN I TRANSFER THAT DEGREE TO A PHYSICIAN ASST. IF SO,HOW MANY YEARS DO I HAVE TO ATTEND SCHOOL. ALSO ARE THEY BOTH THE SAME.
Answer:
Your general education credits might transfer and if you took anatomy. A PA is a four year program, the best plan of action for you is to look into la ocal university or hospital programs and ask them what credits will transfer. Sorry but I don't believe that an SA can get a huge jump on a PA program. Just don't give up if thats what you want to do.

Before you do anything, research the college that you want to go to and then make a list of classes that you know your comm college can provide. talk to a counselor and they will tell you if those classes will transfer. the basics could include anatomy 1%262, general writing-chem-math, all the rest would be specific to that school. Good luck

A surgical asst. will work mostly in the OR. The duties of a PA will be more varied.

If you ever want to work and live in a small town, you'd be better off as a PA.

Surg Tech is associates level (2 year degree). Physicians Assistant programs are Masters level. You need your 4 year degree first, and then another 2 years of PA school.

Salaries and opportunities are much greater for PAs, but you have to invest a lot of time and money to get there.

Good luck with your studies.

Pharmacy school?

2010-05-25T19:11:00.003-07:00

I made A's in both first and second semester college chemistry. How much of this stuff do you actually have to know to be admitted to pharmacy school? Why all the chemistry anyway? To prepare for pharmacy school, specifically which branches of chemistry should I be studying the hardest? thanks
Answer:
You need to focus on Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. If you can take Biomedicinal Chemistry or Medicinal Chemistry prior to pharmacy school, that would help you also. Why all the chemistry? Because medications are chemicals that work in your body. Without a strong knowledge of chemistry, it would be difficult to really understand exactly how the medications work. Keep up the grades. Most SOPs look at overall GPA and then calculate a math and science GPA separately. Good luck!

You need to know a lot of biochemistry as well as organic chemistry. You need to know organic chemistry because certain properties such as an ethyl group place on different sittes of molecules will reflect on how the drug will work. The different substituents on different molecules will effect their duration of action, potency, and metabolism. This is a major reason why you need to know your organic chemistry. As far as biochemistry you will see that it relates to how drugs are metabolized, used in the body, and carried out throughout our daily lives. To prepare for pharmacy school, I would advise you to study Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry as well as General Chemistry because it will be on the PCATs. Good luck to you!

Pharm.D....doctor?

2010-05-25T19:11:00.002-07:00

Can someone with a pharm.D degree be referred to as doctor? A pharm.D degree is a doctorate degree, so shouldn't they be referred to as doctor?
Answer:
of course a pharmD's title is Dr. It's the same as when you called your professors in university "Dr So and so" when they were PhDs and not MDs.

My best friends wife is a Pharmacist with the degree from UK, she's referred to as Dr.

Yes. PharmD's should be referred to as a doctors.

I am studying to attain my pharmD. I'm entering professional school in the fall (having completed two pre-professional years).

No, they are NOT doctors. They just fill prescriptions not write them. They went to college to learn how to fill prescriptions. That is it !

Actually, I'm going out for my PharmD. It is a doctorate degree, and is more work and more years than a Bachelor's. So technically a PharmD graduate is a doctor, but also to work in pharmacy now, you can't just have a Bachelor's, you need a PharmD to be a registered Pharmacist.

Of course, a Pharm D is a doctorate degree in pharmacy. In the United States, and many other countries, the term "doctor" has become synonymous with the term "physician" (even when the physician degree is not a doctorate level). So its use as a title in certain settings (e.g. in a hospital with physicians present)... it may be confusing to call a pharmacist "doctor." This does not affect PhDs as much since they are usually not in settings in which they could be mistaken with physicians

Therefore, while it can be appropriate in to address a Pharm D as "doctor so and so," in certain settings it can be confusing. However when someone says that he or she "is a doctor," this is understood as he or she "is a physician."

See Sharon's answer to understand why some people get confused. Either that or she has a chip on her shoulder about something.

yes they have a doctorate ( PharmD) However they only have 2 years of grad school after four years of undergrad ( bachelors). with a 1-2 year internship ( in most states ) .
For that physcians (for the most) and i have heard some Ph.D's say that they refuse to refer to them as doctors, also it causes misconceptions (that they are physcians) and so you rarely hear them referred as doctor , but technically they are .

The only time you ever hear them being called doctor may be by someone who knows they have a doctorate level education , in a clinical education I.E. hospital , but not usually beacuse again , no one says physican they say doctor

yes im a Doctor of Pharmacy student...Pharm-D's should called DR because we study same books as MBBS students...there is only a difference that we cant do surgery but it doesnt means that we should not be called DRS...a Pharm-D is 100% a DR

Absolutely! They are doctors in medicine. More and more doctors are becoming open to the fact that someone who has attained their Pharm D. is a doctor. You'll start hearing it even more often!

Pharm D. Program?

2010-05-25T19:11:00.001-07:00

Anyone graduated, or currently enrolled in Pharm D. program that can tell me about it and maybe share some experiences? I'm very excited about Pharmacy and hoping to enroll in it myself within 3 years or so. Thanks!
Answer:
I'm in the six year pharmacy program at St. John's University. I'll be a second year student in the fall, but I have to say that I really enjoyed my first year. Granted, I haven't taken the higher pharmacy classes yet, it moves pretty quickly. I can't say that I have that many experiences yet, but all first yaer students are required to take a shadowing class in which we shadowed people in three different settings; a nursing home, a community pharmacy and a hospital pharmacy. Through it, I can def. say that I don't want to do retail. I've always wanted to work in the ER and become a clinical pharmacist to work and during my fifth and sixth year, I will be able to have rotations there.
Like the person above said, there are things that are repetitive, but it all depends on what you want to do. Pharmacists are branching out and being allowed to do more things, so the field is getting to be more well known as time goes by.
I'm glad you're excited about pharmacy and I wish you the best of luck, maybe I'll see you down the road or something =)

Pharmacy is great to learn. Understanding the interactions between medications and their mechanism of action.

However in practice pharmacy can be somewhat repetitive depending on where you end up working. I have experience in a retail pharmacy setting and it's pretty much the same thing over and over again. Standing for long hours, mechanical joint pain, counting pills over and over, and the most important thing....triple checking everything.

Pfizer the viagra company has a website, what exactly that website?

2010-05-25T19:11:00.000-07:00

Answer:
http://www.pfizer.co.uk/

stiff.lies.come

Here you are my friend.
http://www.pfizer.co.uk/

With a name like Pfizer sticking to you, success doesn't come easy... Worst thing could be that the Viagra hoax turns out to be ....eh.. XTC laced with War effort.....

pfizer.co.uk

http://www.viagra.com is also pfizer's website.

thats a hard one

Perkiset question?

2010-05-25T19:10:00.001-07:00

I think I have a heart problem. My heart throbs a lot, it always feels like I'm about have heart attack, I'm having chest pains, breathing problems etc. If I took a perkisets would it effect my heart any or possible help? Would it give me a heart attack?
Answer:
Any chest pain is a reason to go to the emergency room. Don't bother with any answers here.

There have actually been some studies in emergency medicine that have shown that even doctors, when given only a description of chest pain by patients, are less than 50% accurate in diagnosing a heart attack. In other words, without an accurate medical history, physical examination and appropriate tests, it is IMPOSSIBLE for ANYONE, even a DOCTOR to tell you if you are having a heart attack.

Do us all a favor and quit wasting your time and our time. GO see your doctor.

Incidentally, I believe you are referring to Percocet, not Perkiset. And no, I will not tell you if it is a good idea or not, because you need to ask your doctor this.

If you think you have heart problems, you need to be seen and examined by a doctor. Sooner, rather than later.

Percocet may decrease chest pain, but it may also interfere with respiration, and if your oxygenation decreases, it will make any coronary problems worse. Please do not try to treat yourself with Percocet.

Find an urgent care facility or contact your family doctor, and get yourself seen. It is much easier to take care of problems NOW, instead of trying to clean up after a heart attack or stroke.

Go.

do not try to treat yourself with any medicine yourself.
u may have 'angina pectoris' which is treated by nitroglycerine
plz go to doctor.

Peoples who are pretty good in anatomy please click here?

2010-05-25T19:10:00.000-07:00

ok how do you read anatomy im out of hs and over the summer vacation i wanna do self study about anatomy so please tell me some tips to understand anatomy!
thanks
Answer:
the book, not the TV show, Gray's Anatomy is a great reference...

Go to the local library and look for a book on Anatomy, then make flashcards and quiz yourself every day. You can go to the internet and print off blank anatomy sheets. Then you can label the bones, arteries, and so on.

Anatomy is hard, especially for beginners. Here's my trick. First, I'd be curious, like how does the heart pumps blood? Then I would look it up. Internet is fine but I like Netter's Atlas of human anatomy. If I don't understand it, I would look for a simpler explanation. Brainy friends work. Or I could look into it's function so I could associate a part to it's function and having more details about a single part makes it easier to understand and memorize. Mnemonics work too. Good luck.

Like other people have said, take out (or buy) some books. Books are very good, but to be honest they will only get you so far. What you really need to do is to do some dissection - however, that might be a problem!

So, get some books. Read through them, starting with something interesting (yes, like the person above said, the heart is interesting and relatively easy to learn). Draw some of your own diagrams (LOTS of diagrams) from all different angles and views. Look at your self, draw things on your self with washable ink (ie, as it is human anatomy [I assume] you are learning, draw the muscles found in your legs and arms - ON you legs and arms, on the skin. Where is the common digital extensor of the arm? What about gastrocnemius in the leg? Or the deep digital flexor of both arms and legs?). Picturing it on your self really helps (even though I am a vet student, it helps me too!).

Try playing around, squishing and poking your self. Feel where muscles are attached, what they do etc. For example, get your arm now, and dangle it below your chair, all floppy and loosr, and squeeze it with your other hand, around 2/3 of the way down AFTER your elbow. See what happens to your fingers? Why is this? What muscle are you, effectively, contracting?

Also, I would see if you could get hold of some of those videos done by that Dutch person - he chopped people up on TV. That was good.

Lastly, see if you can get your self some work experience in a vets, or better still, a hospital. Vets do lots of surgery, all the time, and you will be able to learn a lot from watching that (although it is different, it is similar enough). If you did get to watch some surgery in a hospital, that would be even better. I doubt you will though.

Well, hope that helps, email me any q's

Ashley

There is a study guide called "The Anatomy Coloring Book" which makes a very difficult subject quite easy. I know it's available at Barnes and Noble, but you could probably find it on amazon.com.

People who have the genetic disorder called WHAT disease suffer from lack of oxygen in the blood?

2010-05-25T19:09:00.003-07:00

please please please help me its a ONE WORD ANSWER i need to finish this study guide so i can get a good grade on my funal exam, if you help me ill luv ya 4eva, thnx! =)
Answer:
Sickle cell anaemia. Caused by a mutation that alters the shape of the Red Blood Cell making it less able to carry oxygen. This is because the cell has less surface area than a normal shaped onr.

Hypoxia? Better look it up %26 see if that's right.

sickle cell anemia? Their hemoglobin's messed up, so their red blood cells don't carry enough oxygen.

could be anemia or sickle cell disease too, but the lack of oxygen in the blood from sickle cell stems from the fact that the red blood cells are malformed, so maybe its a trick, I'd look this up on webmd or something. Anemia is when you simply lack the red blood cells altogether.
Good luck, sorry I couldn't be more help.

Sickle cell anaemia

is it Cyanosis?

anemia, cyanosis,hypoxia are not genetic disorders...I think sickle cell anemia or also called sickle cell disease is a good answer.

Hypoxia and cyanosis are not genetic disorders. Sickle cell disease is a hemoglobinopathy that causes deformation of the red blood cells, clogging capillaries. That may be the answer that your study guide is looking for, though.

This isn't an easy one. Here is a list of genetic disorders:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_gen...

sickle cell is a form of anemia BUT all anemia causes lack of O2 in the blood. Also, if you want to get into parasites, African Sleeping Sickness, aka Trypanosoma gambiense causes death bc of lack of O2 in the blood. The parasites infect the RBCs and O2 can no longer attach to the cells to be transported thru the body.

hemaglobinopathy diseases all cause anemia and are genetic. you can search the internet for an entire list, but they include sickle cell disease, alpha thalassemia, beta thalaseemia, hereditary spherocytosis.

Pediatric Neurology...?

2010-05-25T19:09:00.002-07:00

does anyone know of a website that i could get information about pediatric neurology on? and does anyone have a any suggestions on colleges i could maybe look at that have programs for pediatric neurology?
Answer:
you can try the following links.

there are several ways to get into child neurology, either by starting straight out of medical school, or by starting in pediatrics, then moving on to neurology.

as for undergrad, you would want to have a strong foundation in the required premed courses (bio, organic chem, physics, etc.) and might think about psychology classes or cognitive neuroscience classes for additional preparation.

http://www.childneurologysociety.org/...
http://www.pediartics.org

http://www.siumed.edu/

hey I don't like pediatric neurologists! My proffesor is a lady pediatric neurologist and she is such a pain in the ***!! Well, you need first to specialize in pediatrics and then have a subspecialization on ediatric neurology...good luck!

Pediatric Emergency Medicine? Please help!?

2010-05-25T19:09:00.001-07:00

how many years does it take to become a pediatric emergancy physician? Is the salary greater than that of a regular emergency physician? Thank you all in advance....
Answer:
After completing a general pediatric residency of three years Well after a 4 yr undergrad degree then a 4 yr med school degree then a 3 yr general pediatric residency , you must specialise in Ped Emergency Med for another 2-3 yrs. Anything to do w/Pediatrics doesn't make much---Pediatricians are considered bottom of the barrel in ref to pay
Peds ED physicians are only found in big university type hospitals so not many jobs around. Kids do not visit the ED as much as adults do hence most hospitals make do w/ regular adult ER physicians since they do get some ( and I mean a small "some") pediatric experience and can see all pts visiting the ED in contrast to a soley ped ed physician.. Hope this helped .

you have to go through a pediatrics residency first which can take 1-3 years, then your emergency residency which is only a series of certifications which can take months.

One year of fellowship after either a pediatrics or an emergency medicine residency. Money's not really any different, but incomes vary pretty wildly from one place to another. There's a large E.D. in my state that's promising the moon right now, with few takers, trying to recruit emergency physicians. It doesn't take much to read between the lines there.

Pediatric Doctor?

2010-05-25T19:09:00.000-07:00

Do I have to have A level maths and physics to be a pediatric doctor? at the moment, i'm taking English Literature, Spanish, history and chemistry. have i made the right choice?
Answer:
I would suggest a minimum of chemistry and biology. Maths would also be helpful, but physics is less important.

You need to take biology chemistry organic chemistry biochemistry statistics. And get an A in alll.

Most medical schools require three years of biology and three of chemistry including organic chem.

My first year of pre-med, I had to take calculus. I would really suggest that you take some type of math and biology.

Pathophysiology,signs and symptoms,nursing intervention of nodular adenomatous goiter??

2010-05-25T19:08:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Pathophysiology

The histopathology varies with etiology and age of the goiter. Initially, uniform follicular epithelial hyperplasia (diffuse goiter) is present with an increase in thyroid mass. As the disorder persists, the thyroid architecture loses uniformity, with the development of areas of involution and fibrosis interspersed with areas of focal hyperplasia. This process results in multiple nodules (multinodular goiter). On nuclear scintigraphy, some nodules are hot, with high isotope uptake (autonomous) or cold, with low isotope uptake, compared with the normal thyroid tissue. The development of nodules correlates with the development of functional autonomy and reduction in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Clinically, the natural history of a nontoxic goiter is growth, nodule production, and functional autonomy resulting in thyrotoxicosis in a minority of patients.

Signs / symptoms

dyspnea
stridor
Hemorrhage
bronchitis
dysphagia.
hoarseness.
facial plethora
and dilated neck veins

Nursing intervention

Diets low in iodine need supplementation, especially in developing countries where government-supported iodine supplementation is not available.

Patients taking iodine supplements may need a reduction to avoid iodine-induced thyroid disease in predisposed individuals.

try this link:

http://ocw.tufts.edu/content/14/lecturen...

Pathology? what could i be if i majored in it, where could i work, waht would i do and how much $$$?

2009-10-31T07:32:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Well, you have to go to medical school to become a pathologist...I don't know that Pathology by itself is a major (never heard of that myself).
You would be a pathologist after four years of college, four of medical school and time in residency. Looking at like ten years there. You could work anywhere that has a need for a pathologist and your salary would be dependant on the needs of the community you served.

Pathology is the study of human body that is sick. It is the anatomy,physiology and biochemistry of a sick person. It is studied mostly on dead bodies. It is a specialisation after obtaining a medical degree. Pathologists teach in medical and nursing colleges. Histo pathology is the science of dignosing diseases by microscopically studying thinly sliced tissues.
Paid like a 9 AM to 5 PM doctors

YEA U GOTTA DO THE WHOLE MED SCHOOL THING AND THE WHOLE SPECIALIZING THING AND YOU'D PROBABLY MAKE AROUND 160K AT BEST

Pathologists?

2009-10-31T07:31:00.003-07:00

Can anybody give me a definition of what a pathologist actually does? I'm 14 and I'm interested in becoming one.
Answer:
Examins tissue and determines cause of death or disease. Does not work on actual people but diagnoses the pathology through tissue/cells under microscope, etc. Often a medical examiner is a pathologist.

pathologists is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids. The term encompasses both the medical specialty which uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information, as well as the related scientific study of disease processes.

Pathologists are MD's who specialize in providing diagnostic information by examining tissue samples. They perform autopsies (usually forensic pathologists) to determine cause of death and examine tissue samples and biopsies under the microscope to try and identify characteristics that would help diagnose whatever disease for which the patient is being evaluated. There is not much patient interaction in this specialty, and you spend most of the time in a laboratory setting. The basic residency training after medical school is usually 4 years (meaning you're looking at a minimum of 12 years after high school before you get your first real job).

Pathologists?

2009-10-31T07:31:00.002-07:00

Do all pathologists open up dead bodies/perform autopsies?
Answer:
no not all, in the lab i work they asked me to help on them in a sort of "hold this, hand me that" kind of way. but its more of a specialization thing, although im a bench tech and not quite a pathologist per se.

No.
Physicians who practice pathology diagnose and characterize disease in living patients by examining biopsies and other specimens. For example, the vast majority of cancer diagnoses are made or confirmed by a pathologist. Pathologists may also conduct autopsies to investigate causes of death. The medical practice of pathology grew out the tradition of investigative pathology, and many of the academic leaders in pathology today are accomplished in both basic science research and diagnostic practice. However, as with other specialties in medicine, most modern physician-pathologists are employed in full-time practice, and do not perform original research.

Pathology is a unique medical specialty in that pathologists typically do not see patients directly, but rather serve as consultants to other physicians (often referred to as "clinicians" within the pathology community). However, in the United States and in many other countries, pathologists receive the same doctorate training, and undergo the same medical licensure process as other physicians. Pathology is a diverse field, and the organization of subspecialties within pathology vary between nations.

That's one of the things they are trained to do, but some may have specialties in other areas, like processing laboratory tests, that don't require them to do autopsies.

Not forever, but you will likely have to assist or perform a few during your residency training.

Pathogen and Immune System and Genetic Engineering?

2009-10-31T07:31:00.001-07:00

I have a test on these topics tomorrow and really don't understand anything it would really help to just be told the basics of these
Answer:
Pathogens are the micro organism (germs) that cause disease and often times kill the body. Colds, flu and tuberculosis are examples of diseases of the respiratory system caused by viruses and bacteria. Cholera, dysentery and typhoid are the examples of the digestive ailments. There are other ailments like sore eyes, chicken pox, measles, etc. which are caused by pathogens.

The immune system is the natural defense mechanism of the human body against pathogens. All living organism have immune system to fight or correct abnormalities in the internal system. Vaccines stimulate/activate the immune system to make the body ready for external attacks by pathogens. Scientist believe that proper nutrition, exercise and rest strengthen the immune system.

Genetics is a study that brought us knowledge about genes and chromosomes where the code of our biological characteristics are stored. We call that the genetic code of every cell. Scientists are learning the way to alter this code to our advantage. The study promises to unlock the secrets of beauty, strength and physical immortality.

In a few paragraphs, you want us to teach you everything you need to know about these topic that take a LIFETIME to master?

Next time, pay more attention in class.

Passing drug tests?

2009-10-31T07:31:00.000-07:00

This is for someone else... But if they buy that $50 stuff that you drink to pass drug tests with. (such as from hanging out with Mary Jane). Do you think that is just stuff that makes your piss clear, so the clear piss doesn't have anything in it? even regular body stuff? just mostly water or whatever?
Answer:
I have heard from friends that work a head shop that the cranberry juice with the $50 stuff works. Go to a head shop, there are many types, but a colon cleanser and whole body detox kit from natural foods stores, like Whole Foods, Co-op do work.

Pretty sure it probably wont work..Drug tests go by chemicals in urine..not color..if it were..you could just drink like a Gallon of water if you wanted clear pee. Sorry dude..the best way to pass a drug test is to..um..NOT DO DRUGS!! Besides..if you buy 50$ stuff to change the substances in your pee..it's probably not safe for you. They don't sell that kind of stuff just anywhere..cuz I mean..i've never even heard of it..and there's probably a reason for that.

it will still show the only way to pass a drug test is dont do the drugs it take 30 days for major drugs to get out of ur system so ur friend shouldnt do the drugs

OK this one is so funny i am totally an anti drug advocate. but i have a brother who has been in this situation many times.he would always come by to get a sample of my urine and then put it in a urine bag, in case they watched, and it looks the same as if you are really pissing it out. to me it seem like a lot of trouble just go to therapy to try to work out your problems before its to late.also i herd that certo the jam preservative will interfere with the test. take a whole pack w/h20 the night before a test.

Doesn't work. These mixes are mostly diuretics, vitamins (such as niacin), or herbs. The fact is they do not remove the metabolic products of drug use from your system. Drug tests generally look for metabolites that are fat or protein soluble. These are maintained in the body and discharged in specific amounts over time. Marijuna use can be tested for by taking a hair sample. a hair sample can tell you how much and how often it has been used over a 6 month period quite accurately. Clear urine indicates that you are drinking an appropriate amount of water, nothing else. It does not guarantee that drug metabolites are not present in it. Tell your friend that if he wants to pass a drug test, that the only sure way is not to use drugs in the first place. Othewise, he is just gambling that the metabolite levels will be low enough that it falls in the uncertain catagory where it might have been due to second hand exposure or cross contamination of the specimen. Not a good bet.

Pancreatectomy!!??

2009-10-31T07:30:00.003-07:00

I was recently hospitalised with acute pancreatitis; my doctors says it is necessary to perform pancreatectomy in order to improve my pancreatic drainage? Is invasive surgery the only option?
Answer:
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing isn't it? The first three guys seem to have some medical background but obviously have no clue about the surgical management of acute pancreatitis.
If you had acute pancreatitis then the indication for surgery would be the presence of infected pancreatic necrosis, a pancreatic abscess or a pseudocyst of the pancreas.
Infected pancreatic necrosis requires surgical necrosectomy but if you had infected pancreatic necrosis then you would be struggling in a surgical ICU, not asking questions on Yahoo.
If you have a pancreatic abscess then you need drainage of the abscess or abscesses. This may be done percutaneously using ultrasound or CT guidance but if the abscess contents are semisolid or there are septations in the abscess then this might not work and surgical drainage may be required.
If you have a pseudocyst of the pancreas then there is an option of endoscopic cystoduodenostomy or cystogastrostomy if the location is anatomically suitable.
Diabetes is unlikely since we rarely have to remove the entire pancreas.

im not a professional so i would not know?! but u should visit nhs if u live in UK i think there website might be able to give u the required info u need. hope this helps!
good luck

A lot depends on how much scarring there was of your pancreas, actually; if the pancreatic ducts are scarred badly enough to impair drainage, you might need a Roux-en-Y type procedure to establish an alternative drainage.

Now, if you've got large scale cyst formation in the pancreas (an occasional occurrence with sufficiently severe pancreatitis) there may need to be surgery to get rid of the cyst before it becomes infected, which is a really ugly mess: seen one or two of those that got infected, and it was totally ugly, believe me.

On the whole, though, a pancreatectomy is removal of the pancreas (possibly only part thereof); I'm not sure that's what they're talking about doing, in all honesty. It might be a good idea to get a second opinion, from another group specializing in digestive diseases (Gastroenterologist, the discipline being gastroenterology) and see what they have to say. They may have another option to offer, and if they say the surgery is necessary, then you've got confirmation of the original opinion, and I'd go with it.

Not a totally satisfactory answer, but the best I can do with the limited data I've got here.

Yes, consider seeking a second opinion. Also, by removing the pancreas you will become an insulin dependant diabetic. If a pancreatectomy is necessary, ask if your docs can harvest your islet cells - those cells that produce insulin - and implant them in your liver. This can eliminate or lessen insulin need.

If they cannot do this, ask for a referral to a medical center where it is done. The procedure has been available for about 10 years. But I am assuming your pancreas still contains viable islet cells.

Surely is NOT a pancreatectomy: this means removing your pancreas, and you cannot live without it.
You probably mean "pancreatostomy", which is opening a route for evacuation.
In the last 10 years, methods involving ascending endoscopy have become very succesfull, without surgery.
I would make sure you contact, not a surgeon, but a GI specialist, to get a second opinion.

If your pancreas got infected and had necrosis or if there is diagnostic uncertainty and complications, invasive surgery would be the only option. If the infection is just mild, then you may receive extensive antibiotics course. If the infection is severe ( can have necrosis) still you will be covered with antibiotics to combat sepsis though use of antibiotics on such stage remain controversial. Vinay K has given an adequate explanation. Surgery would be done to remove part of the pancreas affected, not the entire pancreas. Pancreas has a very important role to play in your body so all care will be done to save as much of its part. So far, the researches results revealed that for the time being surgery is so far the best option in managing infected pancreatic necrosis. Performing surgery would remove the affected part of the pancreas to stop further spread of infection and necrosis otherwise the pancreas may end up totally necrotized which would lead to various severe complications.

Painkillers?

2009-10-31T07:30:00.002-07:00

When you take a painkiller how does it "know" which part of the body is in pain?
Answer:
actually, there are chemical triggers which detects the inflammed area.

for example, our tissues ave plasma and synovial fluids;

the synoval fluids is the affected area for pain, the plasma is not.

Now, the drugs identifies/detects the pain triggers bec. of chemical compositions in the synovial fluids and therefore the active ingredient in the drug attaches to the synovial fluid and does it work to alleviate the pain

and that is how you are relieved of the pain.

I am not kidding - go to a drug site example lumiracoxib and search for the mechanism of action. what i said here is true.

magic

Good question, always wondered this myself..love to see how.....unfortunately I have no idea!!

it goes through whole body

it doesnt matter as long *** the pain goes away

I think it just works on your whole body you just don't feel it in other places than the one hurtin.

I have always wondered this too. Something to do with synapses methinks.............

it works on the pain bit of your brain telling it to switch off sort of if that made sense

it targets the part of the brain
that makes you feel pain.
not the whole body as some have said.
you know you are in pain cos your brain says so
so it reacts to that part of the brain.

I dont think it knows,it just helps the pain where ever it is in the body,i guess some pills work better on some parts than others.

it effects a chemical that connects the cells and stops it from feeling pain.. thats not exactly accurate but we were taught it at gcse so its a while back for me.

Along the path of sensory nerves in the body, you come across a 'bridge', I cannot remember the proper name, basically they are a break in the nerve, and enzymes carry the signal across this 'break', the signal is a substrate, and stimulates the realize of a particular enzyme, so you have one for pain, taste, etc. A pain killer, or anesthetic, inhibits the effect of the enzyme, thus the pain is stopped to your knowledge, and not your other senses, so you think the pain killer knows where the pain is.

it dosent it gets in the blood strem and nums the lot.

i think a message is sent to your brain once the painkiller is in your system and it knows which part of the body needs the medicine

ibuprofen works by reducing the amount of prostaglandins synthesis thus reducing inflammation which then reduces pain.
paracetemol works a similar way but also inhibits the cyclooxygenase enzyme as does asprin. thus reducing an inflammatory response.

morphine is an opioid drug which works by blocking the nerves thus reducing pain.

pain killing drugs tend to work on either all areas of the body or where there is inflammation so you have pain relief

Painkillers don't know what hurts, but YOU do.

All pain is felt in your brain. If you reduce inflammation with a non-steroidal painkiller, or block opiate receptors with a narcotic, that happens everywhere.

You interpret the effects of the drug as "my headache is gone" or "my knee hurts less".

it doesnt "know" it intercepts ALL the nerves in the body and eases pain all over your body- however, as you feel pain in a particular part when the pain has gone you notice it.

Oxymorphone?

2009-10-31T07:30:00.001-07:00

When do hospitals use it INSTEAD of Morphine, Demerol, or Codeine.
Answer:
It's a powerful drug, in no way comparable to codeine. Morphine is standard, and there's a new movement in emergency medicine in which some ED's are becoming Demerol-free zones. Meperidine (Demerol) is pretty useless as an oral analgesic, anyway. Oxymorphone is used in an occasional situation in which pain is severe and morphine can't be used. It tends, though, to be popular in the drug culture, so most physicians avoid it altogether.

kindly see wikipedia, they have good text.

Oxygen use in the human body?

2009-10-31T07:30:00.000-07:00

1: Does anybody know how much O2, (I'm talking the element not the atmosphere), the human body uses during rest or periods of inactivity?? (preferably in Liters per Minute (lpm)
2: Does that change in the case of a person mostly bed-ridden with lung problems?? (ie. COPD or "fibrosis") I realize the efficiency of the gas exchange would be abnormal (I'm guessing lower).
2a: If the lpm does not change, (referring back to question 2), does the volume of the air required change?? (in this case 'air' is the total gas mixture inhaled)
3: How much total volume of normal air does a person breath per minute. (again, preferably in lpm)
3a: Does that change for someone in the above mentioned state??
4: Can someone get too much oxygen??
4a: If 4 is true, what does it do to the body and what are the signs and symptoms??
(I've heard talk about "burning up someone's brain" by having "too much oxygen".)

thank you for your time and effort;
bdraft
Answer:
Most people require 200-300 ml/min of oxygen. That's why our anesthesia machines won't go below that amount. (0.2-0.3 lpm)
When we breathe in air at 21%, we don't use all that oxygen - we breathe out about 17% oxygen.

Bedridden people require less, but would have to have higher FiO2 to compensate for poor gas exchange.

Volume is not so much the issue as concentration.

Normal minute ventilation is 5-7 liters/min. Yes, it can change depending on the lung problem.

COPD patients may lose their hypercarbic drive to breathe and depend on a hypoxic drive. They CAN get too much O2, and stop breathing.

No brain burning. Just decreased resp rate, increased Co2, maybe hypoxemia, decreased level of consciousness (from increased CO2)

Hope that helps.

Average 4 seconds per breathing in and out normaly, the vital capacity 脳21%脳24hours脳3600梅4= the Oxygen used a day.

Oxygen and hydrogen on smooth muscle?

2009-10-31T07:29:00.002-07:00

What are the effects of local oxygen and hygdrogen ion concentrations upon smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arterioles? In systemic arterioles? How does this effect pulmonary and systemic blood flow to capillary beds?
Answer:
Thats a real toughy!
For the increase in H+ concentration, that would lower the pH, of course. I would assume that this would decrease the rate of contraction, as anything which is not at the correct pH will not work, and so the smooth muscle will relax to both pulmonary and systemic. This would, of course, increase the flow of blood to pulmonary and systemic capillary beds.

For the O concentration? Well, thats even harder (as though I really answered the one above amazingly well!). I would say that an increase in O conentration would increase the amount of available ATP (it is made in the CAC cycle, citric acid cycle, and utilises Oxygen ions). This would increase the rate of contraction (and force, I guess), and therefore reduce the amount of blood flow to pulmonary and systemic circulations.

Obvioulsy decreasing the above (oxygen) would have the opposite effects to what I have just said. However, decreasing the H+ ion concentration would increase pH, and have the same effect - muscles not working as effectivley.

Hope this helps anyway, you dont have any answers!

Ashley

Overdose on Adderall?

2009-10-31T07:29:00.001-07:00

What do you think the tolerance of Adderall Xr 30mg is for a 16 year old male, standing 5'10-6'0 and weighing anywhere from 115-130?

How many capsels do you think one (as I descrbied above) can handle?

My question is what is the tolerance of the body before a potential O.D. ?

thanks
Answer:
follow the recommended dosage, the xr means extended release, once daily dosing only

Each person is different, I wouldn't try experimenting with adderall which is listed as a controlled substance known to speed up heart rate. If you have been taking adderall on a regular basis for quite sometime, then your body has developed more of a tolerance for the drug then someone who does not take it regularly. I can only imagine at 30mg, that you could take several without fatality however, in the process you would be causing permanent cardiovascular damage to your arteries/veins which have to deal with the stress of increased blood pressure. Not to mention wear and tear on the heart.

Overdose of painkillers?

2009-10-31T07:29:00.000-07:00

How can somebody die from taking a painkiller overdose? Like, what actual happens inside their body? How many pills would you have to take for it to be lethal, and how long does it take? Is it painful? Dont worry, im not suicidal! I was just wandering.
Answer:
The death depends on the painkiller. If you're talking about prescription painkillers, most of them are opioid agonists. Even at therapeutic doses, opioids tend to cause sedation via inhibition of neural signals. In the case of overdose, there would be several effects on the body, but the lethal effect would probably be oversedation: loss of consciousness followed by cessation of breathing, leading to suffocation.

Over-the-counter painkillers can be deadly in overdose as well, but the lethal effect is not neurological, so that's not really my area. My guess for acetaminophen would be liver failure, and for ibuprofen would be an intestinal bleed.

I know some one who has done this. He took all the pills he could find in his home. After awhile he was acting somewhat strange. Like very tired and sleepy. It seems he got scared and told someone what he did. Was taken to the hospital and they pumped his stomach. Made him puke everything out. Also I have seen in real hospital shows how they give the person some sort of black think liquid to drink. From what I have observed it's no fun. Some take the pills and go lie down, because sooner or later if standing you drop.

Overdose of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen & Tyenol Extra Strength?

2009-10-31T07:28:00.003-07:00

I was given Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen for pain from 2 tooth extractions. About 8 hours ago I took 2 of them instead of only taking 1 of them as prescribed, along with took 2 tyenols extra strength 500mg each. Pretty much immediately it made me sick with vommitting, loose bowels, nausea %26 slight dizzyness. I'm no longer vomitting or have loose bowels, however am still nauseated %26 somewhat lightheaded. Should I seek ER treatment? My mouth is beginning to hurt a little again, when would I be safe to take another Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen, without causing anymore problems of overdose?
Answer:
Look on your prescription bottle. After the words Hydrocodone/APAP, you'll find two numbers (##mg / ###mg) that tell you how much of each medication is in each pill. Generally, it'll be around 5mg/325mg (standard dosage).

If that's the case, you ingested about 1600mg of acetaminophen. There's no need to worry about overdosing at that level. At worst, you simply upset your stomach to the point where it tried to get rid of the excess meds in whatever way it could. The nausea and dizziness were probably just a reaction to the hydrocodone. If you've never taken it before, it can cause these side effects (see link below).

http://www.walgreens.com/library/finddru...

One thing to keep in mind - taking in excess of 4000mg of acetaminophen in the course of 24 hours CAN cause liver damage. As far as the hydrocodone goes, you should be okay to take it again now, but your system may still be sensitive to the acetaminophen. If possible, hold off on taking another tablet until tomorrow.

Overdosing on OTC painkillers can be damaging long-term - liver problems, "boomerang" headaches, stomach problems like ulcers, all kinds of things.
So wait at least 12 to 24 hours before taking anything again.

But a quick and safe alternative is to get clove oil in any drug store (near the bandaids and first aid stuff). Put a drop or 2 on a Q-tip and dab it on the sore area - the clove oil is a natural extract from the clove spice and it deadens the nerves for a while without any major side effects (try not to swallow it, it can burn a little in your throat or make it numb).
You can use it fairly often when it gets too painful.

Another option is to go back to the dentist (or see your own doctor) for a stronger prescription painkiller (which I don't recommend, pain medications have a lot of side effects and long-term problems associated with them).

Um...that was a little stupid...but it seems like you're okay to me. Did you have any food in your stomach when you took the percodan (I'm assuming that's what you have, or generic....since that's the smaller name for what you're calling it)....if not...that's why you puked. Try taking a percodan, and drinking just a little hard alcohol with it. Not too much though. It'll magnify the effects of the pain killers...or at least make you sleep.

If that's not enough, you need to call your doc and get on IV painkillers.

DO NOT take any more tylenol/acetomenophen in the next several hours!

If you can wait until morning - DO!

tylenol is highly toxic. I was hospitalized for a week for liver failure from taking a slight overdose - many of the same symptoms - it just took a couple days b/c it was a slight OD.

I can no longer take tylenol!

Do not mix alcohol or any other pain killers that your liver has to process with tylenol if you are having a reaction.

Please call your doctor for advice on what to take if the pain is too much.

Clove oil is a good topical option.

Insofar as acetaminophen overdoses go, your liver is in no real danger, but I never cease to be amazed at this "if a little is good, a lot must be better" mentality. Take what's prescribed and try to avoid being foolish. Add some ibuprofen if you must after your gut has settled down, or go get a stronger narcotic or perhaps even a repeat dental block (numbing with local anesthetic).
It's well established that acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen and the like have a plateau effect. More is definitely NOT better with these drugs.

It's pretty likely that the stomach discomfort is from the Vicodin as is the light-headedness and dizziness. Watch the symptoms; you should be okay, make sure you take the med ONLY as prescribed and if it doesn't 'do the trick,' as for a stronger med or try what others have suggested.

Tylenol content, Tylenol content. Get in the habit of reading labels and don't exceed the maximum dose of Tylenol daily: 4 grams a day. This is the equivalent to 8 Extra Strength Tylenol. No more or your liver will suffer.

Same goes with ibuprofen, naproxyn, aleve and others. READ labels and if you're not sure, ask the pharmacist. He does more than count pills!

read the label ask your doctor

Over the counter SLEEPING PILLS? How do they even work?

2009-10-31T07:28:00.002-07:00

I took one maximum strength Unisom. I'm definitely feeling tired! My feet and lips are numb! The same things happens to me when I drink alcohol. Anyway! How do sleeping pills work?
Answer:
They're by and large antihistamines originally marketed for their H 1 histamine-blocking properties and found to cause drowsiness (not extraordinarily well understood, but it has to do with the reticular activating system).
Traditional Unisom is doxylamine. Doxylamine, with pyridoxine (vitamin B6) added is used to treat morning sickness. Extra-strength Unisom, you might think, might be a larger dose, but it's actually a different antihistamine, diphenhydramine, which is better known under another of its brand names, Benadryl, with which I'm sure you have some familiarity.

the numbing is relaxing and be careful all are habit forming.

You take a pill, and it helps you sleep.

it work for curing any diseases and if we tired we can take sleeping pills and it will go

Over the counter blood medication ?

2009-10-31T07:28:00.001-07:00

it can be things that you would buy at a natural foods store or anything i am a semi elderly woman that is concerned about her health but doesnt have health care through my job i need to know any good ones
Answer:
If you are talking about a blood pressure medication, you should not rely on things from the health food store to help you. You need to go to a doctor and get a prescription. Once you do, many places (Wal-Mart for one) now have generic blood pressure medicines that are very inexpensive. Mine costs me a little over $4.00 a month. Don't take chances with your health.

Just wondering if you are still after sean kingston beautiful girls I dont know if you found it yet but I did today so if you still want it and you dont want to download from any p2p sites its at http://rapidshare.com/files/38490935/bea...
Its my new fav song
not even on our radio stations yet over here lol.

There are no over the counter blood pressure medications. If somebody tries to sell you something, do not buy it.

About 30 minutes walk and 20 minutes of meditation can bring the BP down by 10 points, in many individuals.

If your BP is higher than 160/90 (normal 110/70), you must see a doctor !

Out of celexa and paxil, which one is more likely to cause impaired thinking, or confusion?

2009-10-31T07:28:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Paxil is more sedating than Celexa, so I would expect more impaired thinking from Paxil due to feeling tired. Outright confusion is rare from SSRIs.

Hi. Thought I would answer, seeing as no one else had:
From BNF:
For celexa, side effects include: "palpitation, tachycardia, postural hypotension, coughing, yawning, confusion, impaired concentration..."

So that one would;

Paxil, side effects include: "yawning; less commonly arrhythmias, transient changes in blood pressure, confusion; rarely panic attacks"

It mentions confusion, and says rarely panick attacks, so I would say this one is less likely to cause impaired thinking or confusion.

Hope this helps

Ashley

It's Pixel which will cause more impaired thinking

Ouch!! :( Help!!?

2009-10-31T07:27:00.003-07:00

Something bit me just a few days ago. My entire foot became swollen and red that I can barely walk. It's not a mosquitoe, bee, or bed bug. I visited the hospital and the gave me antibiotics and a few shots. It did not help though. I visited the doctor again and he said it'll go away by itself after a couple of days. A couple of days went by. Its still swollen and looks like shrek's foot only in red. What should I do? What do you think bit me? Is the doctor stupid or something?
Answer:
I would go back to the doctor. You may be developing a cellulitis(infection) in the foot. Or it could be that you were bitten by some type of spider. If it has been a few days and it isn't getting better, it is definitely time to get it rechecked. Tenderness, redness and swelling can all be signs of infection. Cellulitis can be treated with IV antibiotics rather easily. Go get it rechecked--you'll feel better with another opinion. Good luck!

Sounds like a spider bite. I'd go back to the doctor and have them take another look. If he tells you to wait it out even longer, I'd go to a different doc that same day.

I'd see a different doctor if I were you. Feel better!

The doctor cant do much for you. You must be allergic to the chemical that came from whatever stung or bit you. He has done most of what he can, with the antibiotics, and so on. Did he give you antihistamines? They will help it go down. Other than that, keep if cold and moving, and it should go down.

No, the doctor is not stupid. You try going what they have gone through to be where they are now, passing all the tests, and tell me he's stupid.

Ashley

It's impossible to know what is going on with your foot. Suffice it to say that certain types of venom can cause a prolonged inflammatory and neurologic reaction--without knowing what or if anything bit you, it is impossible to know for how long or if there is a specific antivenin.

Typically, antibiotics will do nothing except help keep the development of a subsequent infection, which you may be at risk for. On the other hand, if it works, you won't see any difference at all.

This all assumes your doctor hasn't missed something obvious. If you know your doctor well enough to trust him, follow his advice. If you don't know him well enough, or know him well enough to doubt him, consider getting a second opinion. This is ALWAYS sound advice, and most competent doctors welcome and are not offended or hurt by second opinions.

As always, discuss these and any questions with your doctor.

you should go to a different doctor,he should have gave you a cortisol shot or something....

Go to another doctor. It could have been anything, and you don't want to get gangrene and have your foot fall off do you?

My advice is to see an other doctor for a second opinion. You can't stay like this !

hey cuz, feel better i have no idea who bit u but it sounds bad!! maybe try a different dr!
love u knoe who

You should get something all natural(made out of organic things) or visit a homeopathic doctor.. which helps a lot! I always go there because regular doctors don't know nothing. They give medicine which make me more sick. For more help you know where to email me!

hey its ur fav cuz well u noe wat u shld do try rubbing alcohol on it n the swelling will start to get smaller as time goes by i hope u get better cuz hope this helps n maybe u shld go to another doctor to see wat he will say gtg ttyl!!

Other than humans are there animals that suffer heart attack or hypertension?

2009-10-31T07:27:00.002-07:00

Answer:
Animals with heart can have hypertension and heart attacks just like humans. Horses, dogs,cats among others. Yes, that is for real.

There was a study treatment with stem cell therapy on pigs who had heart attacks so it means pigs can have heart attack.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2...

Cats and dogs do suffer from hypertension:
http://www.lbah.com/feline/hypertension....
http://www.vin.com/proceedings/proceedin...
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index....

Horses with hypertension:
http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/aaep/199...

All Animals can suffer from it.

I think almost any animal can suffer a heart attack. I know hamsters can.

Of course. I had a dog when I was a kid that had a heart attack.

Any animal with a heart can have a heart attack. (not all animals have hearts, some have open circulatory systems) overweight animals can suffer from hypertension, which would increase their risk for a heart attack

Yes, under certain circumstances all animals can suffer a heartattack, hypertension, diabetic, asthma..this list goes on and on.

I didnt heard any animals suffering from heart attack or hypertension. But I observed in one poultry house where broiler chicken is raised. Chickens are fed non-stop in an almost congested area. All they have to do is to eat day and night without exercise for 45 days. They are forced to grow so that after 45 days they are dressed and sold. Their body swells with fat that they are weighing from 1.5 to 2 kilogram each. During that period, I observed that some of them died instantly while eating. They dont have a sign of any sickness except that they are very fat. My opinion is that they died of cardiac arrest.

Yes, especially those little cocker spaniels (paranoid creatures, they are) and those humming birds.

The answer is yes.But the real question is do they go to heaven?

Most mammals can experience these issues.

probably... but who really knows... who's gona biopsy a ferret to figure it out?

if i hear it on news i'l tell u

Osteoclasts in bone tissue have the effect of raising calcium levels in the blood. what hormone stimulates the

2009-10-31T07:27:00.001-07:00

Answer:
I think it is Parathyroid Hormone (PTH- from parathyroid glands- around the thyroid gland in the throat) that raises blood calcium levels... %26 Calcitriol (from the kidneys- from the conversion of Vit D) that lowers it, but I am not sure.

Organ Transplant?

2009-10-31T07:27:00.000-07:00

Several days ago, I asked a question regarding the effects of receiving the wrong blood type in a transfusion. The answers I received were excellent, but I now want to know if these effects also apply to organ transplants in which the organ is of the wrong type.
Answer:
Organ transplantation is done after testing for antigen matching in a way that is different from blood type. The things that are checked are called HLA types. It would be inappropriate to attempt to explain the major histocompatability complex and it's genetics here. However, if you have questions about this, you can contact me personally or read about it.

Organ transplants are seldom a "perfect 6 antigen match" and they do just fine. The reason is that medical control of the immune system is very effective and capable of surpressing the host's reaction to the transplanted tissue.

That being said, there are a few recognized forms of "rejection" which absolutely do happen.

Hyperacute rejection happens when the organ gets destroyed right as it's being sewn into place. This is extremely rare, but it involves a pre-formed antibody being carried by the recipient which acts against the transplant. As soon as blood flows into the organ, it begins to be destroyed.

Acute rejection is a lymphocyte mediated response to the organ which is treated with heavy pulses of immunosuppressive medication directed at the lymphocytes. Episodes of acute rejection can happen at any time, but they most often occur early in the course of the new transplant... within days of surgery.

Chronic rejection is either a process involving the additive damage from multiple episodes of acute rejection or else it represents a slow decline in organ function due to a variety of processes including vascular damage... the result is a steady slow decline of transplant function over a number of years.

In order to not waste organs, efforts are made to optimize the antigen matching so that the organ goes to a good recipient, but there are a number of factors that determine who gets an organ - not the least of which is the patient's condition. On organ sharing waiting lists, there are point systems that include points for how long people have waited, how sick they are, and also how good an antigen match they have to an organ that becomes available. None of this matters when people decide to donate organs to their loved ones. In this case, after some basic testing, the organ transplant can take place if the match isn't horrible and both people are OK for surgery. The immune suppressive medication is the key to success.

I hope that helps. It's an amazingly complex topic! I have to avoid detail on this one because I have no idea at what level you want to deal with the question.

There is very little chance of an organ transplant being done if the donor's and recipient's tissue and blood type are not a match. Because even after a successful transplant and all the cutting edge drugs to suppres the immune system....the donor's organ is still a foreign object and the recepient's body will start to attack it. Most post-op transplant patients deal with chronic rejection as time passes. Even with a perfect tissue match and drug therapy it is still a matter of time before rejection causes the organ to fail.

I had a cornea transplant not as severe since there is no blood in it and as a greater risk of succes however just like organ transplant the body can reject it cuasing it to fail.

Ophthalmology ?

2009-10-31T07:26:00.002-07:00

From my question I asked, is a Ocular - Plastic Surgery a specialty of Plastic Surgery or Ophthamology ?
Answer:
Ocular plastic surgeons may start as ophthalmologists or as plastic surgeons. Both are trained as surgeons, and either may choose to specialize in that area.

I know an ophthalmologist who does facial plastic surgery, and several plastic surgeons who do blepharoplasties and other ocular procedures.

So the answer is... yes!

There are no ocular plastic surgeons. their all ophthams

Ocular refers to the Eye.

My answer is Ophthalmology!

Ophthalmologists are trained in all areas of the eye, including surgical techniques to enhance vision. Not quite sure what you mean by Ocular - Plastic surgery? Generally ophthalmologists use surgery to correct mechanical problems (eye muscles, cataracts, myopia, etc).

There is a Ecto plastic surgeon, he removes eyes, and does other eye surgery....................

Ophthalmologist, Please Help! My nephew is only 5 years old and he has eyes problem ever since he was born.?

2009-10-31T07:26:00.001-07:00

We took him to ophthalmologist for eye exam recently. We like to see more suggestions or options, whether eye surgery may be an option as he starts to have learning problem now. Here is what the report says

The patent has intermittent right divergent squint. Fundus abnormality is noted in physical exam and EUA was arranged for him. Right divergent squint of 30^ is noted.

EUA show high myopia BE with astigmatism. Anterior segment is unremarkable and Fundus exam show a falciform fold in the right retina which may be resulted from intrauterine infection and tractional retinal detachment and now settled. Possible causes include toxocariasis. The left eye is essentially normal except high myopia.

Refraction on RE is -8.25-2.25@180 and LE is -8.0-2.25@180
Glasses are order with RE -6.25-2.25@180 and LE -3.75-2.25@180
Part time occlusion therapy is advised but compliance is fair.
Cardiff acuity in latest follow up is 6/24 RE and 6/9.5 LE.
Answer:
Ok let me try to explain this for you a little bit,

This kid has strong myopia (short sightdeness, which result of wrong power of the eye lens system to form a clear image), plus astigamtism ( which means that his eye lens system is making a distorted image ).

When a child is born, he really doesn't see like we do. he then start to learn that each eye is giiving him the same image, and so he would learn to understand to use his eyes.

but when the eyes are not normal, the kid have trouble to coordinate the view between his eyes, and so he starts to squint, but the bigger problem is that he will learn to disable one eye and use only one ( which result in a lazy eye).

to prevent this, the doctor has to do two things, one is to correct the image in both eyes as much as possible, and the other thing is to alternate closing of both eyes (close on eye at a time). in order to force the child to use both eyes instead of using one a cancelling the other.

when someone has such high myopia, using glasses that will fully correct the defects can be stressful to the eye and so the doctor that would be the best fit between correction and avoiding eyey stress.

About your options, the treatment for refractive errors such as myopia can be done either by glasses, contact lenses, and surgery. but in child lenses can not be used because it will be trouble some with the child. also surgery of the cornea is not an option because the child is growing and his eye is changing.

So I guess that your best plan is use the glasses to correct his sight as much as possible now, until he grows up enough to be able to use contact lenses, and when he becomes old enough that his eye size becomes stable (usu about 25), he can have corretive surgery.

The report also indicate a retinal abnormality in one eye, which may result in a field defect ( a missing area in his field of vision, like wearing a glass that has a dirty spot that hides some of the image you can see), unfortunately this type of abnormality cannot be repaired.

The report also indicate that the cause of this abnormality may be toxocariasis, this is an intra uterine infection that affect the growing foetus during the pregnancy. I don't recall much information about toxocariasis but it may have other effects that may result in a low IQ.

Ok so im taking my EMT-Basic test in Massachusetts and i need some help studying for it.?

2009-10-31T07:25:00.003-07:00

Ok so im taking my EMT-Basic test in Massachusetts and i need some help studying for it. I moved to Massachusetts from Pennsylvania in December and Im a Certified EMT in PA and i want to become one in Massachusetts. I did all the paper work and im allowed to take the EMT-Basic test three times, i took it once just to get a feel for it, i failed it by like 8 points, i got a 62, i needed a 70.
So does anyone know any good websites where i can find some info on MA EMT protocals, PA EMTs do things differently and so i was trained differently.
When i took MA test the first time, it seemed to go indepth in some of the questions about cardiac and respitory issues. And it asked some weird Non-EMT/MEdical questions.
And if anyone can tell me any local Ambulance companies around the Lowell/Northern Boston Area that would be great. Thanks
Answer:
Are you taking a MA test or the National Registry. Probably the same tips apply to them both, but I am not sure about the MA tests. (I'm from Colorado). For National Registry, remember that they will often try to trick you. They are looking for the "best" answer, not necessarily the correct answer. Make sure you read all of the answers and don't just mark the first one that seems right. Often, a better answer will be available.

As to web sites, I am not sure of any. NR closely guards their test questions. They even have a warning that you can lose your card if you even memorize some of the questions. If there are specific areas that you had problems with, i.e cardiac or pediatrics, see if your instructor can get you a list of prepratory questions. He may have to make them up, but they will probably be close to many of the questions you see on the test.

Hope this helps, and good luck.

Ok i will rephrase i have a hep b immunity test soon (its for nursing) will they check for THC??

2009-10-31T07:25:00.002-07:00

Answer:
No.

Nobody can perform a covert drug test, they have to inform you what they are testing for.

I highly doubt it. Otherwise they'd be doing a Drug test, not a Hep B.

If it is a Hep B test, then they wil not be testing for THC

What is THC??

Doesn't anybody else have a problem with a NURSING student getting high? Hello?!

You may get away with it now, but it WILL be found out.

I fear for your future patients.

If you are due for a hep b immunity test ,then that 's the only thing that will be performed in tsting theblod sample from you. Hepatitis screening and profile serological test will be done. The blood for hepatitis test usually goes to serology or virology unit of laboratory while blood to test for THC would normally go to toxicology unit for drug testing.
I advise you however that you should reflect back on yourself and if you intend to be on the field of nursing better to refrain from having THC by any means. You may be suspected of having THC someday and will be expelled out from nursing once proven.

O blood type parents have A blood type child?

2009-10-31T07:25:00.001-07:00

Both of my parents have O blood type and I have A is that possible?
Answer:
There are basically three genes involved in the ABO blood typing: A, B, and O. The genes for A and B will always be expressed if they are present, but O is recessive, so in order for someone to have type O blood, the only two genes they can have is O (one from mom and one from dad).

It is biologically impossible for your parents to both have type O blood and you have type A blood. I wish I could tell you otherwise but I cannot. I suggest you have a heart to heart with your parents if they have never mentioned adoption or the like.

Now, To the poster that said that he has O neg but his parents are not type O, that is not really surprising. All this means is that your parents both have at least one gene for type O blood and you happened to get the two recessive O genes (this is a 1 out of 4 possibility...so if you have siblings, they have a higher likelihood of not having type O blood).

I'm type AB, one sister is type O, and the other sister is type B. Because of this, I know that my mother's genotype (the genes involved in causing her blood type) is AO (she has type A blood) and my father's genotype is BO (he has type B blood). Because of this match up, it is a rare situation where their offspring had a 25% chance of being A, B, AB, or O. As it stands, they had 3 kids and 3 different blood types.

That is not possible if they are the genetic parents.

However, if you were adopted or they are not your genetic parents, it is possible.

It's also entirely more probable that one of them simply is mistaken about their blood type.

The genetic rundown for blood types is as follows:

Let A,B represent an allele for A or B blood. Let O represent an absense of either A or B allele.

Type A blood can be ---- AO or AA
Type B blood can be ---- BO or BB
Type O blood can be --- OO only
Type AB blood can be --- AB only.

So if you were concieved by your parents, recieving one allele from each of them, If they were type O's then you could only have received O allele's.

Two people with blood type O cannot have a biological child together with blood type A.

Two people with blood type O can however serve as parents to a child with blood type A.

Yeah. NONE of my parents have O negative, but I've got it. I actually asked a blood expert and he said there are a LOT more things involved that JUST what your parents have. So, yeah, it's possible. Either that, or you might want to look a little closer at your mailman. ;)

Not if they are your genetic parents. I am deeply sorry if you just found out that you are adopted. It can be very rough, but it's not all that bad. If your parents treat you well and make you safe and comfortable, they might as well be your parents!

it dapends on that cant happen becouse your mother cant re produse on her own thats impossible.

yes, it is possible. it is the same case with my parents (both O) and my little sister (A). it's really pretty rare, but obviously happens. mutations, baby. (there is only a one-base difference between A and O, so a mutation from O parents to A child is much more likely than from O parents to B or AB child.)

Yes it is possible.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio...
On the left, scroll down and click; "Blood Type calculator".

I hate that you had to ask this question on Y/A's, because you're going to get some strange and blunt answers. You are either adopted, or your dad is not your biological father. Your mom could have been artificially inseminated. They could have also switched you at birth at the hospital with someone else's baby. You need to have a heart-to-heart with your mom first and find out what happened, or this will haunt you. Maybe she's been keeping a secret. It's also possible that there's a lab error regarding your or your parents' blood type. Good luck to you with this.

In general, if both parents are blood type O, then the child will be blood type O. It is possible, though rare, for both parents to be blood type O and the child be type A, B or AB. This would require a mutation from either parent in the germ cells (sperm or egg) to change the germ cell gene from an O blood type to an A or B blood type in order to have a child with A or B blood type. As an aside, it would be very rare for someone to end up with AB as both parents would have have to have a mutation in the germ cells-one for the A and the other for the B blood type.

Also, lab error is always a consideration (in the case of your blood typing, and the blood typing of your parents). In order to rule out labe errors, you will need to have them re-check their types and you re-check yours and see if the results are the same. Also, you might want to check with your physician for further advice.

damn you're in trouble..

blood type A and B are dominant alleles over O but codominant to each other

for a person having a parent with blood type A mom and blood type B dad the offspring must be AB, since they are codominant

in your case since both parents are O, you should also be an O since O is recessive

Nursing question?

2009-10-31T07:25:00.000-07:00

Hi,
Just wanted to ask all the nurses on this board what its actually like to be a nurse? What different jobs they do on a daily basis, the highs and lows, whether they enjoy thier job etc...?
I think i've definatly decided that i'd love to have a career in the nursing profession and at the moment i think i'd like to work in the NICU so i was just wondering how other nurses find thier jobs?
thank you x
Answer:
I work in a hospital. It is the toughest and most rewarding job I have ever had, (next to being a mom). There are so many things a nurse does on a daily basis. It also depends on where he/she works. Give medication, Start IV's, prep patients for a procedure, Make sure the medication the doctor orders is the correct dosage and route! You talk to patients, you speak with the families, sometimes having to play referee to arguing parties, sometimes you have to be the one who gets yelled at because the doctor didn't write an order, or you called the doctor in the middle of the night. These are just a few! But when your shift ends and you come back the next day or night and your patient says" I'm glad your my nurse." It makes your job worth getting yelled at, puked on, bled on, ran till your bladder is ready to explode! I could not imagine doing anything else! Thank your Nurse! If you are interested check out www.discovernursing.com.

Sorry, I'm not a nurse. Your comment "I'd like to work in the NICU" reminded me of this clip:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvpmhozik...

Not to offend, just thought it was funny, what Dr Kelso says...

Have a good one!

Ashley

Hi annabanana.x

Sorry, I'm not a nurse or an MD (don't let the name fool you) - but I just had to share something with you on this. Nurses, I feel, have THE hardest jobs in any hospital (and the pay doesn't match). They have to deal with the patients who are complaining (smelling - and well you know what else) ALL DAY LONG.

I was in the hospital for about a week about 3 years ago for a severe allergic reaction to a medication I was on. I was in there in the observation ward for almost a week, under 24 hour watch. I was hallucinating, and - well I was out of it, and I remember this nurse who was so nice to me, that I literally terrorized.

I was extremely paranoid, and thought that the entire staff at the hospital was out to kill me, and she was the ring leader, and the poor woman was eight month pregnant! I made quite a scene and to this day I feel really bad about what I put that poor woman through.

I feel it take a special type of person to be able to put up with people like that (me). She didn't deserve that type of treatment, and I didn't deserve to be treated so kindly by her.

You have to have a very BIG heart to go into nursing, remember that, and you have to have a very patient and calm demeanor.

Well, you certainly haven't had any happy answers yet, so here we go. Yes, nurses who work in HOSPITALS have a tough time. They're basically up to the ears in human crap of all forms. However, you don't have to work in a hospital. Or if you do, you could go into surgical nursing. There are so many different options out there for nurses. You could work anywhere in the world once you become a nurse! Just remember that the education is tough and you will need to have intelligence and patience in order to succeed. I think you've chosen a wonderful career and I wish you luck in it!

I guess it really depends what type of nurse you want to be? Prenatal nurse, burns nurse, oncology nurse, surgical nurse, midwife, and much much more............

hi..

is it NICU or MICU? or does NICU means neonatal ICU?? cause so far i've only heard Medical ICU (the closes to what u had mentioned).. i'm a nursing student and had gone for quite a few attachment to the hospital.. it depends on individual if they like the job or not.. cause i have some friends who cant take the job(eg:cleaning butts, troublesome patients) and quit right after the first attachment..

the daily workload of a nurse includes:
-serving medication
-admistering IV, injections
-writing reports on the progress of patients
-passing these updates to the nurses on next shift
-watch out of signs of any potential complications
-collecting specimens for lab test (from wounds, to stool, to sputum, to blood)
-ensure patient's hygiene
-ensure that they are eating well
-ensure of the patient's safety
-update charts(vital signs, intake %26 output)

the highs are when:
-you see patients recovering and discharging from ward
-patients showing that they really appriciate you
-family of patients thanking you

the lows are when:
-the patient that you nurse pass away(worst)
-an error that you made cause the patient to feel bad
-being scolded and accused from their family for not providing enough care
-being blamed for something that you forgot or that you are not aware of

when you have nursing certs, it should be quite easy for you to find a job at your desired place cause there is always a demand in this line.. just apply to the human resource of the desired place or you could get recommendations...

hope that these could help you!!

I wouldn't trade my profession for a million dollars. It is a demanding job, but the rewards are unmeasurable. Like any job you have your good and bad days. But, just one person giving you a hug and a thank-you, that one situation the you just may have made a difference in a persons life is so incredible. You can't get that in any other profession. I believe Nurses are born. It's something that is instilled in you, we deal with many adverse situations, yet we always see a little light at the end of the tunnel. I am cardiac trained and critical care and emergency room background, so you can imagine what I have seen. You state you would like NICU, that is a tough field and can be heartbreaking, but also very rewarding. If you feel in your heart that you can cope with the down side of that specialty, than go for it. We need more nurses that care, that can cry with their patients, but give them hope, and let them know we are human also and that we share their pain. Never be afraid to let the patients see that you care. It creates a bond. I have since gone into Nursing Administration and just started and Inpatient Wound Care Department. The opportunities in Nursing are vast. I say GO FOR IT! Good Luck to you.............I wish you only success.

I've been a nurse for six years. The good points are you can make a ton of money if you want to. I work agency right now, which means I schedule myself whenever I want to . I make about 35$ an hour. And I get paid every day if I want to. The patients who are appreciative of you really can make you feel a sense of worth. However, then there are the negatives. I really thought nurses were treated a little better than they are. Don't get me wrong, I know lots of doctors that I absolutely respect and adore for their love of a patient and respect for nursing. However, there are those that view nurses as butt wiping idiots. I notice when I work on a regular floor, I am not treated as good by the doctors as I am when I work ICU. You get screamed at, griped at, get put to blame for other nurses mistakes, have to run your butt of constantly, rarely get more than 5 minutes for lunch, get your butt chewed for calling a doctor at three in the morning, and sometimes you get rude patients and/or family members. You are a maid, a mother, a counselor, a bather, and a friend all in one shift. I've seen people born, I've see people die. It really has to be something you really want to do. I think the worst part of nursing is school. It sucks, and it's the hardest, most stressful thing I've ever done. But in the end, most think it's worth it. I really hope if you do this, you'll like it. I'm ready to do something else, myself. My back and feet hurt. I'm 28 years old and I feel 50. But I know nurses who have been at it for 25 years and still love it. Good Luck.

I was a cna.which means a certified nursing assistant.I used to work with the older people.I would see that they got feed, how much they got feed,got them snacks,ice water,fresh towels,baths,and yes even changed them and took them to the bathroom.I loved it except the lifting part.I hurt my back and cannot go back into the field.But I also know what they do in the NICU because my son was in there for 1 week when he was born.They have a awesome job while unless one of the babies die.I always wanted to be in that field.They get to bath the babies,feed them,cuddle with them,check there vitals, and they help keep the parents calm.And so if you want to be a nurse in there that is awesome stick to it girl and help those babies they need it to help fight there sicknesses

Nursing question...?

2009-10-31T07:24:00.003-07:00

How can a drug that has CNS activity but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier be administered for effectiveness?
Answer:
What is the medication?

Yes whats the medication?

Intrathecally (injectedinto the spinal fluid).

Nursing question...?

2009-10-31T07:24:00.002-07:00

The source of discomfort associated with injections is usually which of the following?

a. The needle puncture of the skin
b. The length of the needle used in the injection
c. The stretching of tissue as it accommodates the volume of the drug
d. The sharpness of the needle used in the injection
Answer:
i aslo agree with those that voted for c. most people flinch with the initial needle poke, but they really complain about it more as the medicine is infiltrated, and the more volume that you inject, it seems the more uncomfortable they are.

I'm guessing the needle puncture of the skin.

Try letter C. Good Luck

D. The sharpness of the needle used in the injection

A dull needle is painful. This is why our nurses often use one needle to draw up the medicine, and a second to inject it

All needles puncture the skin, so this is not correct.
The length is not correct, it is the diameter
The stretching is not a factor unless the needle moves from the vein and going into the interstial space for a long time, "infiltrated IV"

I'd go with C. Needles are usually small and sharp, and length doesn't matter at all. It's the stuff going in that usually bothers me.

letter c. the stretching of the tissue.

D

The doc has explained everything.

Balboa - it doesn't say anywhere that this is an I-V injection. If it were, then your answer would be correct but if it were an intra-muscular injection then the answer is most definitely c - the stretching of the tissue to accommodate the drug. Needle diameter and speed/pressure of injection also play a part in this factor.

Nursing intervention microlaryngeal surgery?

2009-10-31T07:24:00.001-07:00

Answer:
Pre-operatively, the patient needs to be prepared for surgery like any other: IV placement, make sure false teeth and jewelry are out, etc.

Intra-opertiavely, nurses may assist by handing the surgeon instruments or circulating in the OR. There isn't room for anybody near the surgical filed other than the surgeon, although some microscopes have ateaching head so the scrub person can see what is going on.

Post-operatively, administration of pain medications, monitor for breathing difficulties, prepare patient for discharge. (Patient WILL have a sore throat - they hang their head by a laryngoscope from a Mayo stand)

Hope that helps.

Anxiety
Pain
Risk for infection

Pangolin has said the truth, all the truth and nothing but the truth (LOL),,,,I could not put it in better words...

Nursing Care Plan?

2009-10-31T07:24:00.000-07:00

My patient had a right total knee replacement due to degenerative joint desease. What is her admitting dianosis? What would be her present diagnosis? What for example would I put for her psychological developemental stage? She's had complaints of knee pain.

Thanks.
Answer:
Only you have the info to do this. Her admitting dx could have been -chronic joint pain in RE. Present dx, only you would know that. As for the psych development, look up maslow and erikson, knee pain has nothing to do with that.

Sounds like you didn't pay attention in lecture............

Nsaids and celexa..?

2009-10-31T07:23:00.003-07:00

I recently found out there is a interaction between naprosyn and celexa. it may cause gi side effects. Is this true about all nsaids and celexa? Also how severe can the gi side effects be? What if the pt has been on naporsyn for a while, and then takes celexa? Is there less of a chance?
Answer:
Both drugs can cause GI side effects, but they are different (naprosyn can cause irritation or ulceration, while celexa can cause nausea, rare cramps). There should not be a problem taking them together, assuming the patient is appropriate for both medications (normal renal and hepatic function, depressed, etc.).

Good luck!

Not so hot with Chem/Math.. Can I pursue Pharmacy?

2009-10-31T07:23:00.002-07:00

I haven't taken any Chem classes, or Trig/Calculus/Physics. However I know I won't be too great in them. I was never fascinated by them, except maybe Physics - it seems interesting. My question is, if I want to pursue Pharmacy, is that something I can overcome? If I try? A lot of people tell me you must have a passion for those subjects to do it. Others tell me if you're not good with it, you'll learn, it's not that hard. What do you say?
Answer:
I really think you should think of another field to pursue if you don't like chem/math..... i am in pharm school and chemistry is an absolute must.....also a lot of pharm schools require some high school level chemistry and calculus, i know that mine did at least........ a personal passion might make it a lot easier if you really want to do it, and if you are really determined you could make it through... but pharm is a 6 year program and it is a very rigorous program, they expect a lot from you .... you won't be getting a 3.8 GPA even in the first year.. getting a 2.7 or so is good for most of the people i know in pharm school ..... if you are interested in physics then try something in that direction...... and if you are seriously bent on pharm there are ways that you can focus on other areas, concentrations like communication where you help write drug laws and guides BUT that is only if you make it through the normal pharm studies....... you also could, if you were interested go into pharmesutical law BUT that too requires passing normal pharm studies....... i really think you should go in a different direction because it will be very very very difficult if you don't like/get chem/math/bio....

First, you must have a passion to help people. This passion to help people will you get thru the program and assist you when the course load gets difficult. As far as getting into pharmacy school, once you are in they try their hardest to retain you in the program despite math or chem troubles. In order to get in though you must focus on chemistry and biology. Take these courses as many times as you need to to get at least a C average. Mathematics in pharmacy practice is pretty basic, just conversions and dimension analysis, no calculus but alot of algebra. Just retake any courses that you are not sure about and keep in contact with the admissions office. They sometimes offer one-on-one meetings to go over your transcript and how to make it more competitive.

Not a good idea

Hey, from what ive heard chemistry is an absolute MUST for getting into a pharmacy school! Its basically all about chemistry, biology and a bit of maths. Along with diseases, symptoms, ethics and laws. I really think that if you are not scientifically strong you will not do well in pharmacy and you will end up unhappy. You need to ask yourself what it is about pharmacy that you really like and see whether you can persue this in another careers that is more suited to yourself. Good luck!

Nose jobs on the NHS?

2009-10-31T07:23:00.001-07:00

Well I'm 17, suffer from and am being treated for chronic clinical depression. I have been admitted to hospital many times and see a psychiatrist regularly who says I need urgent help - much of my discontent with life stems from Earl - the name I give to my terrible nose - I feel that no matter how much I achieve in life and believe me I work like a dog with 12 A-levels and 3 Extension papers as well as two published books to compensate but my nose makes me depressed - the only motivation i need for work is to stare in the mirror and go 'ur really ugly, without this success, you'd be nothing' - do you reckon since the shape of my nose has had such a profound effect on my mental well-being that the NHS will be persuaded to break my nose with a chisel and remodel it without me taking thousands out of my university loan to end this madness.

Thanks all who answer.
Answer:
Hi girl,You just have low self- estem.Remember beauty is in the eyes of beholder.Just because u dont like yourself doesnt mean someone dont see your beauty.If anyone dont like you than they will not worth your time.Just keep working and you will success in life.

Best of luck 鈾?

Nose job is very safe nowadays. My cousin got her breast reduction, tummy tuck and facelift surgery in India by the company called Forerunners Healthcare .The Price for the surgery she paid in India was very less. She paid 30% of the cost she was quoted in America.

Forerunners Healthcare is very famous in India. They arrange cosmetic and plastic surgery for foreigners in India. I read a lot about them in the Newspapers and about their patient stories. They arrange financing for USA, Canadian, UK and other international patients who plan to have surgery abroad for low price, as the breast reduction, tummy tuck, facelift and other cosmetic surgery is not covered by insurance. They also have photos pasted of their International patients. You can checkout their website. There are huge cost savings. As a doctor I personally believe that surgery can be easily handled in India, as the quality of healthcare available In India is simply best in the world. The surgeons are USA/UK trained and facilities are 5 star.

http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com...
Hope this helps.

Norepinephrine related medical question?

2009-10-31T07:23:00.000-07:00

1) Is Norepinephrine available in oral form?

2) If not, if Norepinephrine is mixed with dextrose, can it digested?

3) If exposed to air, does color turns PINK signalling oxidation?

4) How much of drug efficiency is lost due to oxidation?
Answer:
Norepinephrine, (Levarterenol) in normal state, is a whitish semiyellow powder, soluble in water, available to the public ONLY in vials, not available in oral form (pills) , (only ampules with 1 mililiter of the injectable fluid), Norepinephrine when ingestedn and exposed to stomach acids, is rapidly transformed into mandelic acid and benzoic acid, which have no effects on pressure, nor the sympathetic system because of fast destruction, ...
You dont need to expose norepinephrine to air , in order for it to obtain a copper- brownish - like color....it means that a good part of the compound has been dissociated ito two components that are inactive, and is old , and useless. even in the closed vial,,,(exposed to the light for some time).....dont use it...it wont harm you, however, no medical or therapeutioc result will be obtained from that...BETTER DISCARD IT...ITS SAFER.
The answer of the amount of substance rendered useless by oxydation ,is more that 60%....better get another batch.......

1) no
2) no
3) maybe or contaminated
4) no evidence to prove this

Nonotechnology use in medicine?

2009-10-31T07:22:00.000-07:00

Answer:
You should read the Techno-Thriller on Nanotechnology by Michael Chricton. It's called "PREY", If you love the topic, then you will love that book, read before it's a Movie, which is coming soon!

Will S

Nono can't be done!

interesting topic and yes, we are going in this direction. I believe they plan to destroy brain tumours this way (precision) and repair circulation.

Good SF read - Rama series by A Clark

No more then 100 words?

2009-10-25T07:18:00.001-07:00

State the meaning of the terms polar and non-polar as applied to molecules and explain why some molecules are polar and other molecules are not. Illustrate your answer with the structural formulae of at least one specific example of a non-polar molecule. .
Answer:
Polar - has a positive or negative charge, usually at the ends of the molecule.

Non polar - has no charge

Some molecules are polar because the charges of the element ions do not balance because the electrons are not shared equally. One atom might exert more force than the other, "hogging" the shared electron more. Look at a water molecule as an example of that.

Non-polar molecules share electrons equally in bonding leaving behind no charge. CO2 (and most carbon compounds) and all diatomic (O2, N2, etc) compounds are non-polar.

If this is for an assignment a) you'd better paraphrase and b) you'd better site a more credible source than Y! answers.

do you need help or do you want someone to do your homework? seek help help elsewhere.

Nicotine-free cigarettes-smoker麓s perspective... same effects and "pleasure"?

2009-10-25T07:18:00.000-07:00

If a smoker is trying to quit, will nicotine-free cigarettes help? Nicotine is what keeps the addiction, but without nicotine, is there still the relaxation and pleasure that a normal cigarette has? Why would a person trying to quit reject nicotine-free cigarettes if they really do want to quit? What are other options to quit gradually? Any advice or methods from someone who has quit are greatly appreciated. Thanks
Answer:
Its the nicotine that gives you the pleasure so you wont have the same feeling with a nicotine free smoke,what you will have is the satisfaction of smoking without the addictive additives,so i could see it working.I heard that the pill that's out now works well but what do we do with our free time,right now i smoke when im on break at work or hanging out at home so the pill for me may not do it for me but it may work for you

this may help... http://www.smokering.us/home and good luck ! drink lots of water ,it helps clean your system of the chemicals

Part of the addiction with smoking (besides the obvious chemical dependency on niccotine) is the oral fixation with the cigarette. Just as children find relaxation with sucking on their thumbs, a smoker finds relaxation with sucking on a smoke. I have heard smoker's confess to this over and over. Suckers, candy, or gum can help alleviate this fixation problem.

I quit for a couple of years. My wife didn't %26 I started again!
I found that the best way is not to tell anyone. That way, there is no pressure if you can't do it.
Instead od coffee in the morning, have hot water with lemon juice. Just change your routine. Anything that goes with cigarettes, change it for something alien.
I'm stopping this weekend. You're the first person I've told!

just go cold turkey.
smoking is bad, no matter what it is your smoking.
how long do you want to be "quitting"?
everytime you get the urge to smoke, do something else instead, like chew a piece of gum (it doesnt have to be nicorete or anything, try juicyfruit or something)
you can also snap a rubberband on your wrist when you feel the urge.
You will be so happy when you are addiction free, you will smell better, be happier and healthier!!
and everyone around you will be happy too!!
food will taste better, everything smells better!! Youll save money!
good luck to you and its great you made the desicion to quit!!

As a 20 year smoker, unfortunately the only way to quit is cold turkey. The gradual method just doesn't work. You are keeping the nicotine in your system thus keeps the desire and craving. One thing i did try and was successful for about 3 months was Zyban or also sold as Wellbutrin. It does work for some and with it you are told to continue smoking as usual and the meds will help you ween off the smokes slowly really with out you noticing. If you decide this is an option ask for the Wellbutrin(often prescribed as a antidepressant) as insurance companies will cover it where most will not cover the Zyban. Good luck.

It is just the comfort in having something to smoke. Nicotine relaxes you, but it is the cigarette you want. Nicotine just makes you want it. It is all mind over matter. I don't have to have nicotine, I just want something to smoke in the car when I am bored. Or maybe you are a social smoker. Everyone is different... Chew alot of gum. Keep your mouth busy.

I'm currently a grad student studying psychological counseling...which has elements of biology...and to answer the part of your question, Nicotine...as you know...is a highly addictive substance...replacing regular cigarettes that cointain the drug with cigarettes that don't is definitely going to have an effect on you physically...because although you're smoking...you're not putting the drug in your system any more...which is bound to cause symptoms of withdrawl. The method of using nicotine-free cigarettes as opposed to gum or patches...is one of mind over matter. It's a cognitive-behavioral thing - think, feel, act - if you smoke a cigarette you might think you're still getting the nicotine which will cause you to relax - sooooo...It's quitting cold turkey in the sense that you aren't getting the nicotine any more...but you're just mentally tricking yourself instead...you have to also remember that there are still toxic materials in the cigarettes containing no nicotine...so they're still bad for you. Quitting gradually....hmmmmmm...my parents replaced one habit with another....which still isn't good...but my dad works out instead...and my mom eats peppermint...strange...Hope some of this was helpful.

This will sound patronizing, but the way I quit smoking was to stop smoking. Gradually quitting, patches, and the like are for people who want to feel like they are doing something but haven't made the choice to actually quit. Once you turn that corner and say "No more" you're your own best help.

As far as nicotine-free (and non-tobacco) cigarettes go, there's no substitute for the real thing--they're just another way to quit without quitting. You still have to make a decision that you don't want to smoke anymore.

It's sad yet true--still, the mind is a powerful ally and foe. It will help and harm depending on how committed you are to stopping because it's the best lie detector there is. If you don't really want to quit, it will let you smoke all you want and find all kinds of excuses to do so.

Bottom line: even though some people have success with chemicals and other methods that don't actually stop you from smoking while you are quitting, the most effective way is to simply not smoke anything. You'll make it if you can make up your mind.

If your truly addicted to cigarettes all these ways to quit smoking is a waste of money. It has to be you that wants to. If you really believe that Gum, patches will work than they probaly will if you mentally believe so.

Needleless Injections?

2009-10-25T07:17:00.003-07:00

Has anyone ever recieved a needless injection? I know the technology exists, and according to the needless injection company Bioject, it is very widely used. If it is so widely used, where is it used?
Answer:
When I was in the military boot camp, that is the way they did it. It is done with the use of compress air that 'shoots' the injections into your arm. It is a quick way to do a lot of people fast.

To me, it hurt more than with a needle. Also if you move while it is being done, it can rip the skin.

in some hospitals and other offices. they are expensive so most dr.s dont have them.

A needleless injection device comprising a cylinder for medicine having an injection nozzle at a forward end thereof and an opening at its rearward end; a piston sliding in the cylinder through said open end, in use, to drive the medicine through the nozzle; a ram to drive the piston into the cylinder and having a longitudinal axis; and a mechanical energy accumulator to drive the ram when discharged and disposed between the ram and a discharge assembly, a rear end of the ram extending into said discharge assembly; wherein the discharge assembly comprises a retention member fixed in the assembly, said retention member having a plurality of retention elements spaced around and adapted to locate on the ram when in a charged position of the ram, and a release ring surrounding said retention elements to prevent radial outward displacement thereof and discharge of the ram; and wherein axial displacement of said release ring releases said retention elements and causes discharge of the ram by said accumulator; characterised in that said retention elements are integral with said retention member and each has an enlarged head which can move into and out of engagement with a groove or recess on the ram by deformation of the material of said retention member.

an injection requires always penetration

Hospitals have almost universally gone to needleless systems. But there's a bit of a misnomer there. The system works on the injection port in an IV line. Getting the IV in still starts with the needle inside the IV catheter. To the patient, there's no difference between the needleless system and the traditional one. The difference is in the decreased risk of accidental needle sticks to the nurses who are periodically injecting something into the IV line.

Need neurosugeon in Louisiana that performs cervical disc replacement surgery.?

2009-10-25T07:17:00.002-07:00

Answer:
One artificial cervical disc expected to receive FDA approval is made by Medtronic. (See the press release below).

This is anticipated this summer so I don't think you'll find a list of surgeons that do the procedure (outside of research studies) before then.

(Remember, in a research study you may or may not get the "new" device - you may get the "standard of care")

Consider following Medtronic's website, etc. for info about the release. (There are also links to research studies for cervical disc conditions) I'd expect this to be a reliable source of info about surgeons using the device as well. Perhaps you can find a surgeon in the area that was involved in some of the research - they would have the most experience with the product.

It seems like a good option for cervical disc problems - I'll consider it for my next one!

Good luck!

Hi. Dont know anything in particular, just google searching (which surely you could do?)

http://www.louisianaspine.org/

Ajay Jawahar, MD
Spine Institute of Louisiana
Pierce D. Nunley, MD
1500 Line Avenue
Shreveport, LA 71101

Phone number: 318-629-5555
Fax number: 318-629-5432
Email: ajawahar@louisianaspine.org
Website: www.louisianaspine.org

Also, try these:
http://www.spineuniverse.com/mdpage.php?...
http://marketcenter.findlaw.com/scripts/...
http://www.sbsdocs.net/
http://www.ucomparehealthcare.com/drs/lo...

Hope that helps

Ashley

Need more advise on METH KIDS?

2009-10-25T07:17:00.001-07:00

Hi all, Well I've had these 3 year old twins for just over a month now and I am finding that the little girl seems to be okay but the little boy is a real hand full.. Time out does NOT work, he has learned, saying"I'm sorry, gets him out. He hits, pushes, takes things from others and just overall does not retain anything. I understand this is normal but it's taking a toll on my helper and me as well.. We just don't know what to do to get him to understand the "rules". Even if we could see a glimmer of a change we would be so excited. PLEASE HELP US. ANY ADVISE WOULD BE GREAT!
Answer:
try positive reinforcement

Is the kid on meth or are you?

Need medical terms that ends with itits?

2009-10-25T07:17:00.000-07:00

Answer:
dermatomyositis
conjunctivitis
cholelithiasis
arachnoiditis
esophagitis
encephalitis
prostatitis
aspiration pneumonitis
folliculitis
thrombophlebitis

boy, i could keep this up all day...

Hepatitis
What are you doing? Writing a rap song?

tendonitis

Most end with "-itis," not "itits."

sinusitis, tinitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis

arthritis, dermatitis, enteritis, hepatitis, nephritis, angiitis, vasculitis, arterisis, colitis, gingiitis,conjuctivitis

Words and phrases that rhyme with laryngitis: (29 results)

Pick a prefix that names a part of the body. I'll go with encephal- because I like the brain. Now suppose there is inflammation in that part of the body. Add -itis to your prefix. Encephalitis!

You can generate an -itis word from just about any body part if you want. I don't know why you would, but you can!

pancreatitis
conjunctivitis
cholecystitis
cellulitis
endocarditis
synovitis
pyelonephritis

Need medical advice?

2009-10-25T07:16:00.002-07:00

i had rehumatic fever in my joints,when i was small
( 6year old), and i cured from it, these days i have pain in my joint again , and more i have sound in my back in the area where the ribs contact the spinal cord at thoracic area, when i move it ,(im 27 year now)dose it have relation with RF?
one more things one dr advice me to have one tablets of aspirin every day/dose it help? even that i have stomach ulcer.
thanks alot for every one help me
Answer:
well.. the best medical advice u should have is to go and see a doctor who can then take a thorough physical exam and figure out what鈥檚 u r having..
to be straight, rheumatic fever is nothing that one can mess with.. and the fact that u have already had a bout is an additional reason to get u seek a doctor.. cos the effect of the bouts is cumulative..
what to tell is:
first, the problem with ur ribs has nothing to do with RF.. cos the effect of rheumatic fever on the the joints is temporal.. the main concern is about the heart which may get damaged in the future after several bouts..
second, a daily aspirin! U mean for how long? Cos it seems irrelevant to ur case unless ur doctor is managing something else! Again, there is no fear of blood clots with rheumatic fever.. and what u should take (in case u are still having rheumatic fever at this age) is ANTIBIOTICS (mostly penicillin injections) on a regular basis to prevent further RF attacks from happening and thus saving ur heart from any harm in the future..
and if the aspirin was for the joint pain (not for clots).. it's again wrong to have with ur stomach ulcer and virtually very harmful.. switch to Tylenol (acetaminophin) and if it didn't work, then u have to take some antacid with the aspirin to protect ur stomach.. (but don't keep up with the 'aspirin daily' cos the joint ache is most probably temporal)..
don鈥檛 panic lady! A rheumatic fever bout is no big deal if they are isolate.. cos it needs many of them to do a damage.. which will not show up until very late in life (40-50s).. a doctor鈥?visit is just to be in the safe side.. and I am pretty sure u are fine..
gd Luck..

Try some magnesium

One a day asprin is good for keeping the blood thin to prevent blood clots. If that is a problem for your stumach ulcer, take tylenol.

Its generally thought that most stomach ulcers are caused by a bacteria, not by foods, although acid or peppery food aggravates them. Antibotics cure these ulcers.

From Wikipedia:

Younger patients with ulcer-like symptoms are often treated with antacids or H2 antagonists before EGD is undertaken. Bismuth compounds may actually reduce or even clear organisms.

Patients who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed a prostaglandin analogue (Misoprostol) in order to help prevent peptic ulcers, which may be a side-effect of the NSAIDs.

When H. pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of 2 antibiotics (e.g. Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole) and 1 proton pump inhibitor (PPI). An effective combination would be Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Pantoprazole (a PPI). In the absence of H. pylori, long-term higher dose PPIs are often used.

Treatment of H. pylori usually leads to clearing of infection, relief of symptoms and eventual healing of ulcers. Recurrence of infection can occur and retreatment may be required, if necessary with other antibiotics. Since the widespread use of PPI's in the 1990s, surgical procedures (like "highly selective vagotomy") for uncomplicated peptic ulcers became obsolete.

Need help with medical terms??

2009-10-25T07:16:00.001-07:00

what are the definitions for

gauge

bevel

hub

pulse pressure

aortic volume

lancets
Answer:
How are you going to learn if someone else does your homework?

Try www.webmd.com
You may find definitions for these terms.

gauge is the size of a needle
a bevel is the part of the needle that has the opening
a hub is the plastic part you connect the needle to, the place where you put a tube in for drawing blood.
pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
aortic volume is the volume of blood flowing through the aorta
lancets are little plastic covered knife things that prick through the skin to get a blood sample, commonly used for diabetic patients

I am positive you're not one of my students.
Please do your own work or find another field of study...

Need a quick response who is that doctor who does a lot of features on botanicals. It is Dr. W something?

2009-10-25T07:16:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Dr. Andrew Weil

dr weil at www.drweil.com

Need a medical term ended with itis that begins with j,k,m,q,r,u, w,x,and z?

2009-10-25T07:15:00.003-07:00

Answer:
jejunitis
keratitis
mastitis
rhinitis
uvulitis
wernicke's encephalitis
xyphoiditis
zonulitis

jejunitis
keratitis
mastitis
rhinitis
urethritis, uveitis

that's all i can think of for now...

rhinitis
meningitis

Need 10 foriegn scientist & 10 filipino scientist?

2009-10-25T07:15:00.002-07:00

pls.. :D assignment :D
Answer:
How about this link: which features all scientists from everywhere

http://inventors.about.com/od/famousinve...

Filipino Scientists for example.

Angel Alcala
Angel Alcala is behind the invention of artifical coral reefs used for fisheries in Southeast Asia.
Arturo Alcaraz
Arturo Alcaraz is a volcanologist specializing in geothermal energy development.
Benjamin Almeda
Benjamin Almeda designed a food-processing machine.
Julian Banzon
Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels.
Benjamin Cabrera
Doctor Benjamin Cabrera has developed innovations in drug treatments against diseases caused by mosquitoes and agricultural soil.
Advertisement
Paulo Campos
Paulo Campos built the first radioisotope laboratory in the Philippines.
Magdalena Cantoria
Magdalena Cantoria is a noted Filipino botanist.
Josefino Comiso - Filipino Physicist
Filipino Physicist Josefino Comiso has been warning the world about global warming.
Lourdes Cruz
Doctor Lourdes Cruz has made scientific contributions to the biochemistry field of conotoxins.
Rolando De La Cruz - Filipino Scientist
Filipino scientist Rolando De La Cruz invented an anti cancer skin cream.
Fe Del Mundo - Filipino Doctor
Doctor Fe Del Mundo is credited with studies leading to the invention of an improved incubator and a jaundice relieving device.
Roberto Del Rosario - Filipino Inventor
Roberto Del Rosario is the inventor of the Karaoke Sing Along System.
Daniel Dingel - Filipino Inventor
Daniel Dingel claims to have invented a water-powered car.
Pedro Escuro
Filipino scientist, Pedro Escuro is best known for his isolation of nine rice varieties.
Agapito Flores - Filipino Scientist
Agapito Flores has been acclaimed by some as being the inventor of the first fluorescent lamp - is this true?
Pedro Flores
Pedro Flores was the first person to manufactured the yo-yo in the United States.
Francisco Fronda
Francisco Fronda is know as the Father of poultry science in the Philippines.
Hilario Lara
Hilario Lara helped establish the National Research Council of the Philippines.
Felix Maramba
Felix Maramba built a coconut oil-fueled power generator.
William Padolina
William Padolina has served as the Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology for the Philippines.
Eduardo Quisumbing
Eduardo Quisumbing was a noted expert in the medicinal plants of the Philippines.
Francisco Quisumbing
Filipino chemist Francisco Quisumbing invented Quink ink.
Jose Rodriguez
Jose Rodriguez is a noted Filipino scientist and researcher who has invented methods of controlling leprosy.
Eduardo San Juan
Eduardo San Juan worked on the team that invented the Lunar Rover or Moon Buggy.
Alfredo Santos
Filipino chemist Alfredo Santos is a noted researcher in the chemistry of natural products.
Francisco Santos - Filipino Chemist
Filipino Chemist Francisco Santos studied the nutritional problems associated with the Filipino diet.
Gregorio Velasque
Filipino scientist, Gregorio Velasque made intensive studies of bluegreen algae.
Carmen Velasquez - Filipino Biologist
Carmen Velasquez was a noted Filipino biologist.
Gregorio Zara - Famous Filipino Scientist
Gregorio Zara - famous Filipino scientist Gregorio Y Zara

Choose your foreign scientists here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_sci...

Choose your Filipino scientists here:
http://www.findpinoy.com/filipinoscienti...

Near death experiences?

2009-10-25T07:15:00.001-07:00

Is all this recall just an over reacting dying mind? We have this strong desire to live so, is that what these near death people really saw? All those chemical changes appearing as lights...
Answer:
Hypoxia(lack of oxygen to the brain) has been known to induce NDEs

You might want to look into neurotheology. There are scientific explanations for religious experiences(abnormality in the temp lobe) and NDE as stated above
You can also induce out of body experiences by stimulating the right angular gyrus. Does that mean that you really left your bod? Or that maybe your brain made u think so?

i know the brain releases chemicals similar to LSD upon death, perhaps its a hallucination brought on by the release of these chemicals

I haven't experienced it myself, but friends have. One said she was floating over her body on the operating table. Another was in a coma %26 said he was in a white room with a bright light %26 remembered everyone who was there %26 what they said. He was in a coma %26 remembered everything.

Nationals for EMT-B?

2009-10-25T07:15:00.000-07:00

I have the fun joy of taking the NR test on the 29. I have studied for it. but at this point you know or it or you don鈥檛. but I was wondering what some of questions are like and if there is any advice to help pass if you can give it.

PS im not going to be taking it on paper I鈥檒l be doing it on the computer.
Answer:
look for some practice exams(just google it)
for advice on test taking
I can say put your life in order until the exam(meaning adjust your sleeping, eat your breakfast(the most important meal of the day) everyday, avoid stress(watching horror movies for example increases stress) and too much excitement, don't do anything risky to injure your self, don't eat or do anything unusual( they can have different and unfortunate results if you are under stress), talk to people who are taking the same test(help relieve stress in my opinion), also laugh plenty to get rid of stress,

Name of medicine, herbal or perscription for...?

2009-10-25T07:14:00.003-07:00

Is there a medicine (herbal or perscription) that is for hypersensitiviey (for example; to smell )
If so what is it so i can bring it up to my dr

ty
Answer:
--- http://www.google.com/search?hl=en%26amp;safe=...

people who snort lots of cocaine sometimes lose their sense of smell. what do you think, can you convince your doctor to write you a prescription for some cocaine? i can't wait to see you at the drug dealer handing over some script that reads: "cocaine, 1 kilo. to be administered intranasally prn. repeat as necessary"

Name fragile site on X-chromosome.?

2009-10-25T07:14:00.002-07:00

name band no.
Answer:
If you look at an affected X chromosome the 'tip' looks as if it is broken and that is why it came to be named Fragile X

www.fraxa.org, www.nfxf.org

fragile x syndrome, associated with autism.. ?

Mystery pill - it's white, small, circular, and has GG on top then 296 below it imprinted on one side.?

2009-10-25T07:14:00.001-07:00

Any help is appreciated. I have tried pill identifiers on the internet and all sorts of websites. This is my last resort. And yes, I am sure that the imprint is correct.
Answer:
go to www.drugs.com
click pill identifier
then type in description
i work in a hospital pharmacy and we use this website when someone brings their home medications in one of those pill boxes. it's really helpful.

i just finished looking and it's not listed. try asking your local pharmacist. it could be a new generic that's just not added to the site yet. good luck.

GG is for "GO GIRL"....not sure about the number though.

My pharmacist wrote PMS on a bottle of Prozac, why because he's smarter than the dr. ?

2009-10-25T07:14:00.000-07:00

Or do you think he's being a smartass? Maybe he should take a course on life before he shares his theories.
Answer:
That had to be just a mistake on his part

You misunderstood something. He might have used some internal code.

He will never do a thing, that you thought he did !

I wouldn't be surprised if its his initials. Once a bottle is opened, most pharmacists/pharm techs will make a mark on the bottle to show which one is open.

"PMS" on a prescription bottle means "TAKE WITH FOOD AFTER MEALS" this is shorthand when pharmacists do not have warning labels availble.

Another possibility is that the prescriber wrote generic fluoxetine which at the 10mg dose, is equivalent to prescription brand "sarafem" used for Premenstrual Syndrome's emotional stress reaction common to PMS; and, generically much cheaper in cost. It is not uncommon for a perscriber to write what the medication is for for the benefit of patients with scores of other medicines. Keep in mind, you said "my pharmacist" but did not say whether the medicine was for you or a female family member.

or maybe that is what the doctor instructed him to write on the prescription?

We aren't allowed to put "smart-*** remarks" on labels.

it could be his initials.... they usually have the pharmacst's initials on the bottle somewhere. also, prozac/fluoxetine is used off label for PMS, if the doctor wrote dosing that is typical of PMS he may have thought that is what it was for and tried to make the instructions more clear, maybe he was being a smartass, but there are quite a few other explanations than him being a smart ***, maybe you should take that course on life yourself before you share your theories

My mum has Rheumatic Arthritis.?

2009-10-25T07:13:00.002-07:00

can anyone reccommend a prescription drug/s that are really good for her?

thank you for your help.
Answer:
Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are among the first-line treatment for patients with RA (e.g. Advil, Alleve), and can easily relieve symptoms. These however have not been shown to effectively prevent joint destruction (this is a good reminder: relief of symptoms doesn't mean you halt progression of the underlying disease).

DMARDs (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) have been shown in controlled clinical trials to slow progression of RA (i.e. prevent permanent joint damage). Drugs that are included in these are anti-malarial drugs, sulfasalzine, and gold compounds.

For severe RA (as well as other severe inflammatory disease), the DMARDS include strong immunomdoulator drugs, such as methotrexate, Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira.

All of these medications (including Advil, etc.) have potential side-effects. The decision to weigh the balances and risks (of the drugs vs. becoming crippled from the disease) is best discussed with a trained professional (i.e. physician, and more specifically, a rheumatologist).

Best health to your mom.

A vegan diet will help. I have it too and a vegan diet decreased the symptoms to maybe 10% of the original suffering.

Have her go to the doctor and get a prescription for Humira. It is made by Abbott Laboratories.

Medical Marijuana is the best medicine for all forms of arthritis. You can easily obtain a perscription from an approved doctor.

A drug is not what she needs. A food supplement I know of will infact help her.

I agree - supplements before drugs

There is no known cure for rheumatoid arthritis. To date, the goal of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis is to reduce joint inflammation and pain, maximize joint function, and prevent joint destruction and deformity.

wo classes of medications are used in treating rheumatoid arthritis: fast-acting "first-line drugs" and slow-acting "second-line drugs" (also referred to as Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs or DMARDs). The first-line drugs, such as aspirin and cortisone (corticosteroids), are used to reduce pain and inflammation. The slow-acting second-line drugs, such as gold, methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) promote disease remission and prevent progressive joint destruction, but they are not anti-inflammatory agents.

My job has caused me to have muscular legs. How long will the muscles take to shrink now I've changed jobs?

2009-10-25T07:13:00.001-07:00

Answer:
I am assuming that in your new job you are using your leg muscles a lot less, so therefore the muscles may decrease slightly in size (atrophy) over the following months (but very slowly) as they are not being used to the same extent (but remember they will still be exercised from general walking etc). This is a normal physiological response.

why should they shrink down its not like your legs are never gonna work again sure some deterioration is expected but don't expect it to actually be visable

Very soon, if you don麓t have the same load demand anymore. Unfortunately.